A Central Bank is said to have a more hawkish stance when it reacts more aggressively against deviations of inflation from target. Recall that the AD curve is given by: Ý; = ā – bī(T: – 7), and the AS curve is given by Tt = Tt-1 + ūÝ¿ +õ Knowing this, saying that the Central Bank became more hawkish is equivalent to say: Inflation, 7 AS
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- Consider the AD-AS model in the following picture. If the original level of aggregate demand is Ef, what will be the effect of an expansionary monetary policy that shifts aggregate demand from ADf to ADI? Price Pf Pr Fig11a Er C. Yr Real GDP LRAS ADr Ef I don't know. SRAS Ei ADf Yf Yi a. stagflation b. inflation and unemployment ADi d. inflation, but little employmentConsider the classical AS-AD model with misperceptions. Assume that the economy is initially at its general equilibrium. Now, suppose the central bank considers an increase in the nominal money supply that is not anticipated by households or firms.Suppose the public believes that a newly announcedanti-inflation program will work and so lowers itsexpectations of future inflation. What will happen toaggregate output and the inflation rate in the short run?
- Alter the interactive graph in order to witness how a leftward shift of the IS curve affects the output gap and unexpected inflation. Use the information to forecast economic outcomes. a. Which of the following could explain the shift witnessed in the IS-MP framework and result in lower unexpected inflation? Decreased business confidence recently revealed in a recent business confidence index estimate. Recent legislation that reduced taxes. Recent legislation that reduced government spending on infrastructure. An increase in financial market risk, leading to a negative output gap. Decreased consumer wealth stemming from depressed asset prices. Incorrect1) Inflation in Theoretica is currently below the target range of its central bank. What does this tell you regarding Theoretica’s likely output gap? Illustrate it using an AS-AD diagram, and briefly explain your diagram 2) Your mother states that lowering interest rates in the recessionary COVID-19 period is good policy because it will guarantee consumers will spend more as it is cheaper to borrow money. Do you agree or disagree with her statement? Provide two reasonings to justify your answer. 3) Is either helicopter money or quantitative easing preferred in times of severe recessions in order to boost economic activity? Explain your reasoning.Refer to the accompanying figure. LRAS Inflation a A 0, y' Output O O An economy is currently in long-run equilibrium at point B, at an inflation rate of m, which is too high to sustain economic growth. If an anti-inflationary policy is enacted, the economy will be in short-run equilibrium at point creating gap. O SRAS O SRAS AD' AD A; an expansionary A; a recessionary D; a recessionary D; an expansionary
- “It is not the continued shift of the SRAS curve that causes continued inflation”. Explain this statement. You may use a diagram for your explanation. Don,t copy from anywher. Do answer step by step. Answer Must be correct.Suppose the monetary policy curve is given byr = 1.5 + 0.75p, and the IS curve is given byY = 13 - r.a. Calculate an expression for the aggregate demandcurve.b. Calculate the real interest rate and aggregate outputwhen the inflation rate is 2%, 3%, and 4%.c. Draw graphs of the IS, MP, and AD curves, labelingthe points from part (b) on the appropriate graphs.In what ways is the Volcker disinflation considered asuccess? In what ways is it considered a failure?
- Assume, while an economy is in long-run equilibrium, an adverse supply shock occured, suchas energy prices have incrased. The central bank decides to accommodate this shock and restores theequilibrium quickly. What would be the effect of this policy action on inflation? Explain and illustratewith the help of an AD-AS diagram.A Wall Street Journal offered the following opinion of the bond market in September 2012, when inflation rate was about 2%: Ac€A?Someone buying long-term bonds yielding 1.5% or 2% and then seeing consumer price inflation of 4%, will be on the loosing end of the betAc€??. a. Explain verbally and illustrate graphically what will happen to the price of bonds if expected inflation increases to 4% from 2%. Be sure to include in your answer the demand the bond market. b. Explain why someone buying long-term bonds yielding 1.5% or 2% and then seeing consumer price inflation of 4%, will be on the loosing end of the bet. c. Suppose that you expect a greater increase in inflation than do others investors, but that you do not expect the increase to occur until 2015. Should you wait until 2015 to sell your bond? Briefly explain. d. The columnist also argued that long-term bonds would be a good investment if only Ac€A? when we get serious price deflationAc€?? Ac€?c *Explain verbally and illustrate…Suppose two countries have identical aggregate demandcurves and potential levels of output, and g is the samein both countries. Assume that in 2019, both countriesare hit with the same negative supply shock. Given thetable of values below for inflation in each country, whatcan you say, if anything, about the credibility of eachcountry’s central bank? Explain your answer.Country A Country B2018 3.0% 3.0%2019 3.8% 5.5%2020 3.5% 5.0%2021 3.2% 4.3%2022 3.0% 3.8%