Hected to several cnidocytes through neural connections, help regulate groups of cnidocytes. Using the descriptionabove, deduce the different types of sensory cells that operate cnidocyte discharge including the mechanisms that induce an action potential.2. Calmodulin is found in smooth muscle cells and performs a similar function to troponin in striated muscle fibers. However, calmodulin not only getsactivated by Ca2+ but also slows the release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. How might this difference relate to the different kinds ofcontractions smooth muscles do in comparison to striated muscles?3. A study of muscle fibers between chimpanzees and humans revealed that although muscle mass per body size are approximately equivalent, the ratioof red (slow) and white (fast) fibers were significantly different. Chimps tend to have a ratio of 30% red to 70% white where humans are 60/40respectively. Speculate about what this ratio difference means in terms of muscle activity potential and a possible evolutionary significance of thisdifference.4. Fleas can jump up to 40 times their body length. However, calculation on the biomechanics of the leg extensor muscles, do not provide enough forceto account for such jumps. If the flea's ability to jump high is not reliant upon muscle strength, how else could the leg structure be modified to assistin the flea jumping mechanism? How would you test your idea?

Hi! Thanks for your questions. As you have posted multiple questions and have not mentioned which…

4. Fleas can jump up to 40 times their body length. However, calculation on the biomechanics of the leg extensor muscles, do not provide enough force to account for such jumps. If the flea's ability to jump high is not reliant upon muscle strength, how else could the leg structure be modified to assist in the flea jumping mechanism? How would you test your idea?

4. Fleas can jump up to 40 times their body length. However, calculation on the biomechanics of the leg extensor muscles, do not provide enough force to account for such jumps. If the flea's ability to jump high is not reliant upon muscle strength, how else could the leg structure be modified to assist in the flea jumping mechanism? How would you test your idea?

Biology (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781337392938

Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Publisher:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Chapter41: Neural Signaling

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 8TYU

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Activation of the beta-gamma subunit associated with the Go protein complex would lead to what outcome? 1.closing of presynaptic Ca++ channels 2.postsynaptic depolarization 3.postsynaptic hyperpolarization 4.increased production of cAMP
The concentration of potassium ions inside a nerve cell membrane is higher than the concentration of sodium ions outside the mem-brane, yet the inside of the membrane (where the cation concentra-tion is higher) is negative to the outside. Explain this observation in terms of permeability properties of the membrane.
2) Describe the sequence of events that occur after a stimulus depolarizes the membrane from resting potential and exceeds threshold. Be sure to discuss the inactivation and activation of ion channels in relation to changes in membrane potential. 3) A key feature of voltage-gated ion channels is that they are regulated by two gates: activation gates and inactivation gates. Discuss how these gates regulate voltage-gated ion channel function.
For cardiac myocytes, which of these downstream activities WOULD NOT occur when norepinephrine binds to the B, receptors of that cell? Answers A - D A PK-A phosphorylates the L-type Ca" channels increasing Ca" influx into the cell. B More Ca" is released into the cytoplasm from the sarcoplasmic reticulum because of calcium induced calcium release. PK-A phosphorylates phospholamban which then inhibits the reuptake of Ca" back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum. D. PK-A phosphorylates the regulating proteins on troponin so that troponin will release Ca" quicker.
Calcium is highly regulated molecule in cells due to its importance in cell signaling. A. Briefly explain the role of calcium in the excitation-concentration coupling in the muscles B. Based on your description in part A, if the sensor of calcium stopped working, which step would be affect and why?
Conotoxin is produced by marine cone snails. Among its effects is to block voltage-gated Ca2+ channels in n eurons. A. What anatomical part of a neuron would be affected by conotoxin? B. How would the neuron's action potential be affected by conotoxin? Explain, using at least TWO of the following terms: threshold, depolarization, repolarization, hyperpolarization, summation, IPSP, EPSP, exocytosis C. If conotoxin affected a somatic motor neuron, would this toxin cause muscle weakness or increased muscle tension? Explain why.
Matching (may not use all choices; may use some choices more than once) 45. Sección Release of inhibitory neurotransmitter 46. Decreased concentration of leaky sodium channels in the membrane Arsenic poisoning prevents mitochondria from making ATP 47. 48. Extreme sodium deficiency 49. Acetylcholinesterase concentration is decreased 50. Overdose of Potassium Chloride 51. Increased concentration of leaky potassium channels in the membrane Salto de columna A. Makes RMP more negative B. Makes RMP less negative
1. What could you correctly say about the Bundle of His? a. Changes in its rhythm of firing would be classified as dromotropic effects b. Cells within it rely on calcium-induced calcium release c. Cells within it would participate in inotropic effects d. Cells within it make force 2. Which of the following is/are true regarding all of the action potentials that we have learned about in class thus far? (Hint - the 3 types are neuronal, ventricular, nodal) a. They all have the fast inward sodium current that is responsible for initial depolarization b. They all carry a calcium current c. They all last over 100ms d. They all have a repolarizing potassium current e. All answers are true
Clostridium tetani toxin blocks the exocytosis of GABA. A. What anatomical part of a pre-synaptic neuron would be affected by this? B. How would a post-synaptic neuron’s likelihood of experiencing an action potential be affected by this toxin? C. Explain, using at least TWO of the following terms: threshold, depolarization, repolarization, hyperpolarization, summation, IPSP, EPSP, exocytosis
Denervation supersensitivityof the muscle in LMN lesions is due to : -a- increased release of neurotransmitter from the degenerating nerve terminalsb- decreased release of neurotransmitter from the degenerating nerve terminalsc- increased number of transmitter receptors in fibers of the denervated muscled- decreased number of transmitter receptors in fibers of the denervated muscle
Match cells and function ( please answer all of them ) : Ans Cell Function Microglia 1. active immune defence in the CNS Neurons 2. stores the majority of the bodyʹs glycogen Oligodendrocyte 3. glial cells act locally to maintain normal electrolyte composition of the cerebrospinal fluid Astrocytes 4. releases of enzymes that degrade the osteoid Skeletal muscle fiber 5. are neuroglial cells that wrap around axons in PNS, and they provide electrical insulation with small gaps in between called nodes of Ranvier Chondrocyte 6. lies within the substance of fully formed bone and maintains osteoid of bone Smooth muscle 7. contain haemoglobin that mainly carries oxygen Osteocyte 8. are functional unit of the nervous system Purkinje cells 9. a cell which has secreted the matrix and become embedded in it, and the only cell found in cartilage…
mbing fiber depolarizes mbrane potential to en Ca2+ channels. tage-gated channel 2+ Ca²+ Release 2+ Ca²+ Endoplasmic reticulum removal of AMPA receptors from the postsynaptic membrane. insertion of AMPA receptors into the postsynaptic membrane O increase in intracellular Ca2+ via voltage-gated Ca2+ channels O DAG- and Ca2+-mediated activation of PKC increase in intracellular Ca2+ via endoplasmic reticulum IP3 receptors