Xbafykbzacedcmodv4lfbgepe XHome | bartleby+ ←→edcmodv4lfbgeped3zkf7kf7b4pt7t4gtuwr7bn6glfxn245qhp7a?filename=Bord%2C%20Donald%20J. Ostdiek%2C%20Vern%20J...433 of 562PROBLEMS1. Find the energy of a photon with a frequency of 1 X 10¹6 Hz.2. Things around you are emitting infrared radiation thatincludes the wavelength 9.9 X 10-6 m. What is the energy ofthese IR photons?3. In what part of the EM spectrum would a photon of energy9.5 X 1025 J be found? What is its energy in electronvolts?4. Gamma rays (y-rays) are high-energy photons. In a certainnuclear reaction, a y-ray of energy 0.511 MeV (millionelectronvolts) is produced. Compute the frequency of such aphoton.5. Electrons striking the back of a conventional TV screen travelat a speed of about 8 X 107 m/s. What is their de Brogliewavelength?6. In a typical electron microscope, the momentum of eachelectron is about 1.6 X 10-22 kg-m/s. What is the de Brogliewavelength of the electrons?7. During a certain experiment, the de Broglie wavelength ofan electron is 670 nm = 6.7 x 10-7 m, which is the same asthe wavelength of red light. How fast is the electron moving?8. If a proton were traveling the same speed as electrons inProblem 5, what would its de Broglie wavelength be? Themass of a proton is 1.67 X 10-27 kg.9. (a) A hydrogen atom has its electron in the n = 4 level.The radius of the electron's orbit in the Bohr modelis 0.847 nm. Find the de Broglie wavelength of theelectron under these circumstances.(b) What is the momentum, mu, of the electron in its orbit?10. (a) A small ball with a mass of 0.06 kg moves along a circularorbit with a radius of 0.5 m at a speed of 3.0 m/s. What isthe angular momentum of the ball?(b) If the angular momentum of this ball were quantized inthe same manner as the angular momentum of electronsin the Bohr model of the atom, what would be theapproximate value of the quantum number n in sucha case?11. A hydrogen atom has its electron in the n = 2 state.(a) How much energy would have to be absorbed by theatom for it to become ionized from this level?(b) What is the frequency of the photon that could producethis result?Search12. A hydrogen atom initially in the n = 3 level emits a photonand ends up in the ground state.(a) Compute the energy of the emitted photon?(b) If this atom then absorbs a second photon and returns tothe n = 3 state, what must the energy of this photon be?13. Figure 10.47 is the energy-level diagram for a particularlysimple, fictitious element, Vernium (Vn). Indicate by the useof arrows all allowed transitions leading to the emission ofNew tabphotons from this atom and order the frequencies of thesephotons from highest (largest) to lowest (smallest).14. A neutral calcium atom (Z = 20) is in its ground stateelectronic configuration. How many of its electrons are inthe n = 3 level? Explain how you arrived at your answer.15. An atom of neutral zinc possesses 30 electrons. In its groundconfiguration, how many fundamental energy levels arerequired to accommodate this number of electrons? That is,what is the smallest value of n needed so that all 30 of zinc'selectrons occupy the lowest possible quantum energy statesconsistent with the Pauli exclusion principle?16. Referring to Figure 10.35, notice that the bremsstrahlungx-ray spectrum of both Mo and W cut off (have zerointensity) at about 0.035 nm. X-rays with this wavelengthare produced by the target element when bombardingelectrons are promptly stopped in a single collision and giveup all their energy in the form of EM waves. Confirm thatelectrons having energies of 35,000 eV will produce x-rayphotons with wavelengths near 0.035 nm by this process.17. The characteristic K and K lines for copper havewavelengths of 0.154 nm and 0.139 nm, respectively. Whatis the ratio of the energy difference between the levels incopper involved in the production of these two lines?18. Referring to Figure 10.36, we see that the atomic numberZ is proportional to f¹* or that Z² is proportional to f.Because the frequency of the characteristic x-ray lines is itselfproportional to the energy of the associated x-ray photon,we are led to conclude that AE and hence the energies ofthe atomic levels also scale as Z. Based on this analysis (andignoring any differences from the masses of their nuclei),how much greater is the energy associated with the groundstate of helium (Z = 2) than that of hydrogen (Z = 1)?Make a similar comparison between the ground stateenergies for sodium (Z = 11) and hydrogen.19. Characteristic x-rays emitted by molybdenum have awavelength of 0.072 nm. What is the energy of one of thesex-ray photons?20. In a helium-neon laser, find the energy difference betweenthe two levels involved in the production of red light ofwavelength 632.8 nm by this system.21. The carbon-dioxide laser is one of the most powerful lasersdeveloped. The energy difference between the two laserlevels is 0.117 eV.(a) What is the frequency of the radiation emitted bythis laser?X22.(b) In what part of the EM spectrum is such radiation found?If you bombard hydrogen atoms in the ground state with abeam of particles, the collisions will sometimes excite theatoms into one of their unner states. What is the minimumHinqury

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2. Things around you are emitting infrared radiation that includes the wavelength 9.9 X 10-6 m. What is the energy of these IR photons? 3. In what part of the FM spectrum would photon of