2. The table below shows the weather forecast of a statistical data for rainfall for 2000-2012. Year 2000 2004 2008 2012 Rainfall (mm) 445 568 746 935 a. Find the rate of change of rainfall on 2004 using central difference formula. b. Find the rate of change of rainfall on 2012 using three-point forward difference formula. c. Based on the information in (b), determine the estimated amount or rainfall for year 1996 by using three-point backward difference.

2. The table below shows the weather forecast of a statistical data for rainfall for 2000-2012. Year 2000 2004 2008 2012 Rainfall (mm) 445 568 746 935 a. Find the rate of change of rainfall on 2004 using central difference formula. b. Find the rate of change of rainfall on 2012 using three-point forward difference formula. c. Based on the information in (b), determine the estimated amount or rainfall for year 1996 by using three-point backward difference.

Structural Analysis

6th Edition

ISBN:9781337630931

Author:KASSIMALI, Aslam.

Publisher:KASSIMALI, Aslam.

Chapter2: Loads On Structures

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

See similar textbooks

Similar questions

3. It is known for a region that observed relationship among observed intensity, duration and return periods can be defined by the expressionI=aT/ t° where I intensity, T return period, t is duration of the rainfall considered. a, b and c are model parameters. Using the observation in Table 3 Table 3: Rainfall intensities (mm/h) Duration/Return periods T=15 vears 35 30 T= 5 vears T= 10 vears 4 hr 6 hr 8 hr 25 30 25 20 15 19 25 a) Calculate local parameters, a, b and c, analytically
Tutorial 4 Question 1 Based on the given annual rainfall data and the Weibull distribution, 1. develop and plot the relationship between annual rainfall and the frequency, 2. calculate the rainfall intensity with a 10-years return period, 3. calculate the exceedance probability of an event of 125 mm and 4. estimate the design rainfall for a 100-years return period. Year 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 P (mm) 70 121 92 66 74 95 06 91 90 90 | 82 96 Year 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 P (mm) 110 115 100 88 80 87 80 72 103 99 97 98
2.10 Figure 2.28 shows a catchment with seven raingauge stations inside it and three stations outside. The rainfall recorded by each of these stations are indicated in the figure. Draw the figure to an enlarged scale and calculate the mean precipitation by (a) Thiessen- mean method, (b) isohyetal method, and by (c) arithmetic-mean method. 11.2 11.7 E 8.2 F 13.2 10.8 14.0 J B 10.2 A 10.9 6.3 H 9.2 5 km SCALE Fig. 2.28 Problem 2.10
Determine the estimated aerial rainfall using Arithmetic Mean method. ARG1 = 8mm, ARG2 = 9mm, ARG3 = 12mm, ARG4 = 11mm, ARG5 = 13mm
2. Given below are the rainfall data in station S with missing observations for more than three months. Rainfall data in stations A, B and C as index stations are also given. Reconstitute the annual total and the missing monthly values of rainfall in station S using the normal-ratio method and regression correlation analysis. Index Stations Station S A B C Month Total Normal Total Normal Total Normal Total Normal (15yrs) (2007) (15yrs) (2007) 5.6 (2007) (15yrs) (2007) (15yrs) 2.0 January 15.4 2.0 2.1 5.9 22.1 42.4 February 5.5 74.1 5.5 2.5 7.3 5.7 2.8 20.1 March 8.0 31.6 14.1 7.6 10.0 13.8 2.6 33.5 41.3 April May 22.1 53.3 29.1 8.3 25.3 24.1 37.0 missing missing 293.6 127.7 127.4 208.4 189.2 141.5 152.9 June 490.7 524.0 263.3 550.1 273.9 241.7 239.8 July August September missing October 430.5 489.9 474.2 327.8 582.9 314.4 277.7 288.4 531.1 596.0 704.2 448.7 455.1 414.6 224.7 296.7 473.4 407.0 292.6 371.1 303.8 339.7 262.7 missing 54.8 195.0 88.5 82.0 68.6 205.0 240.1 248.4 November…
2) Construct a rainfall hyetograph (rainfall intensity, in mm/hr, versus time, in minutes) if the total rain in Question 1 above has the following temporal distribution (Table 1). Sketch the hyetograph. Table 1: Temporal Distribution Time (min) 0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 % rainfall per period 12.5 12.5 38 13.5 13.5 10
In a catchment, there are four rain-gauge stations, P, Q, R, and S. Normal annual precipitation values at these stations are 780 mm, 850 mm, 920 mm and 980 mm respectively. In the year 2013, stations Q, R, and S, were operative but P was not. Using the normal ratio method, the precipitation at station P for the year 2013 has been established as 860 mm. If the observed precipitation at station Q and R for the year 2013 were 930 mm and 1010 mm, respectively; what was the observed precipitation (in mm) at station S for that year?
Return Period 1. Year Maximum depth of precipitation of certain area is presented below. Based on the given data, compute the following: Year a. b. c. d. Using additional information from year 2016 to 2020, what would be the return period of 1995, 2005, 2010 and 2015. Maximum depth of precipitation in year 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020 are 180mm, 190mm, 200mm, 210mm and 230mm respectively. e. Using the data from (d), from what year has the least probability of occurrence of that precipitation, explain. Max. Rainfall depth (mm) Max. Rainfall depth (mm) Return Period for the year 1995, 2005, 2010 and 2015 Year Max. Rainfall depth (mm) What is the probability of occurrence of the maximum depth recorded from 1995 to 2015. Interpret the return period of year 2002, please elaborate. 1995 155 2002 215 1996 197 151 2003 138 2009 2010 190 1997 1998 189 2004 145 2011 147 157 2005 124 2012 175 1999 136 2006 194 2013 161 2000 280 2007 164 2014 193 2001 186 2008 160 2015 192
A record of rainfall (mm) is randomly distributed in a basin. Calculate the average rainfall depth using Arithmetical method.
(b) Accumulated rainfall on seven (7) successive hours in a catchment were measured as 7, 15, 60, 81.5, 97.6, 120 and 120 cm. If the total runoff at the outlet was 15 cm, quantify the p-index. The annual rainfall record for station X and the average annual rainfall for three (3) nearby stations are shown in TABLE Q5(c). Test the uniformity of rainfall records for station X using double mass curve method, identify which year the inconsistency in the data starts and the correction factor. (c)
2. Given below are the rainfall data in station S with missing observations for more than three months. Rainfall data in stations A, B and C as index stations are also given. Reconstitute the annual total and the missing monthly values of rainfall in station S using the normal-ratio method and regression correlation analysis. Index Stations Station S A B C Month Total Normal Total Normal Total Normal Total Normal (2007) (15yrs) 15.4 (2007) (15yrs) 2.1 2.0 (2007) (15yrs) (2007) (15yrs) 2.0 5.9 22.1 January February 5.6 42.4 5.5 74.1 5.5 2.5 7.6 7.3 5.7 2.8 20.1 March 8.0 31.6 14.1 10.0 13.8 2.6 33.5 41.3 April Мay June 22.1 53.3 29.1 8.3 25.3 24.1 37.0 missing missing 430.5 293.6 127.7 127.4 208.4 189.2 141.5 152.9 490.7 524.0 474.2 263.3 550.1 273.9 241.7 277.7 239.8 July August September missing October 489.9 327.8 582.9 314.4 288.4 531.1 596.0 704.2 448.7 455.1 414.6 224.7 296.7 473.4 407.0 292.6 371.1 303.8 339.7 262.7 missing 195.0 88.5 82.0 68.6 205.0 240.1 248.4 November 54.8…
A watershed covering 28.16 mi2 has a system of seven rainfall gages, as shown on the map in the Figure. Using the total storm rainfall depths given in the accompanying table, determine the average rainfall over the watershed using: (a) arithmetic averaging and (b) the Thiessen polygon method. Gage ABCDEFG А с P₁ (in.) 5.13 6.74 9.00 6.01 5.56 4.98 4.55 A₁ (mi²) 1.74 6.70 1.77 13.02 0.83 2.68 1.42 28.16 B. . E 1 in. = 3.9 mi .F . G