16. If the aerobic catabolism of 1 mol of glucose yields 38 mol of ATP, and the energy released byaerobic ATP hydrolysis to ADP is -46 kJ/mol, how much energy is available from 1 mol ofglucose via aerobic catabolism?17. A particular 70-kg man has a basal metabolic rate (BMR) of 7000 kJ/day. A large mouseweighing 30 g has a BMR of about 20 kJ/day. In each case, what is the BMR expressed per kg ofbody mass?18. The allometric equation is BMR = aWb. For mammals, the value of a is approximately 293kJ/day and the value of b is 0.75. What is the predicted BMR for a blue whale of 100,000 kg?

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Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

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Problem 1P

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Walking consumes approximately 100 kcal/mi. In the hydrolysis of ATP (ATP → ADP + Pi), the reaction that drives muscle contraction, ΔG°′ is −7.3 kcal/mol (−30.5 kJ/mol). Calculate how many grams of ATP must be produced to walk a mile. ATP synthesis is coupled to the oxidation of glucose (ΔG°′ = −686 kcal/mol). How many grams of glucose are actually metabolized to produce this amount of ATP? (Assume that only glucose oxidation is used to generate ATP and that 40% of the energy generated from this process is used to phosphorylate ADP. The gram molecular weight of glucose is 180 g and that of ATP is 507 g.)
10. The reaction for cellular respiration is exergonic (AG = -2870 kcal/mol) but only produces 32 ATP per molecule of glucose, representing an energy total of AG = +976 kcal/mol. What can explain this discrepancy? A. One molecule of glucose produces 2 pyruvate during glycolysis and cellular respiration therefore produces a total of 64 ATP. This makes up for the difference in energy converted from glucose to ATP. B. Both NADH and FADH₂ are also produced and contribute to some ATP, on top of the 32 ATP already produced. C. Energy remains in some glucose molecules that are not yet oxidized. D. Energy is lost in the form of heat. E. Cellular respiration includes some endergonic reactions that make up the difference in energy converted from glucose to ATP.
is this stement false? Intracellular concentrations in resting muscle are as follows: Fructose-6-phosphate (1.0 mM)Fructose-(1-6)-bisphosphate (10.0 mM)AMP (0.1 mM)ADP (0.5 mM)ATP (5.0 mM)Pi (10.0 mM)Under the above conditions the Phosphofructokinase reaction in muscle is more exergonic than under standard conditions.
23. An important step in glycolysis is the formation of ATP and pyruvate from phosphoenol-pyruvate (PEP) and ADP. PEP ADP pyruvate+ATP The equilibrium constant (Keq) for this reaction is approximately 2.5x10°. Calculate standard free energy change (AG°') for this reaction. Show your work. onege b. Is the reaction exergonic or endergonic at standard conditions? If, at equilibrium, the concentrations of ADP and ATP are 0.2 mM and 2.0 mM, respectively, what is the equilibrium concentration ratio of [pyruvate] to [PEP]? Show your work. с.
24. Hexokinase catalyzes the phosphorylation of glucose from ATP, yielding glucose-6-P and ADP. The standard-state free energy change for hydrolysis of glucose-6-P is -13.9 kJ/mol. Calculate the standard-state free energy change and equilibrium constant for the hexokinase reaction. AG" for ATP hydrolysis -31.5 kJ/mol
19. Calculate the standard free-energy change of the reaction catalyzed by the enzyme phosphoglucomutase, given the equilibrium concentration of 1.0 mM glucose-1-phosphate and 19 mM glucose-6-phosphate at 25 C. Glucose-6-phosphate Glucose-1-phosphate
21. Based upon the following reactions, what would be the AG" for the formation of ATP from phosphoenolpyruvate and ADP? ATP → ADP + Pi phosphoenolpyruvate pyruvate + Pi AG" = -31.5 kJ/mol AG"=-62.2 kJ/mol
1. a) Calculate the approximate net yield of ATP during the aerobic conversion of 2 glycerol to 1 glucose. Show work
3. One indication of the relative importance of various ATP-producing pathways is the Vmax of certain enzymes of these pathways. The values of Vmax of several enzymes from the pectoral muscles (chest muscles used for flying) of pigeon and pheasant are listed below. Vmax (µmol substrate/min/g tissue) Enzyme Pigeon Pheasant Hexokinase 3.0 2.3 Glycogen phosphorylase Phosphofructokinase-1 Citrate synthase Triacylglycerol lipase 18.0 120.0 24.0 143.0 100.0 15.0 0.07 0.01 d. Why were these enzymes selected for comparison? Would the activities of triose phosphate isomerase and malate dehydrogenase be equally good bases for comparison? Explain.
The Standard Free Energy Change for the hydrolysis of ATP -->ADP + Pi = -30.5 kJ/mol. What is the Actual Free Energy Change for the hydrolysis of ATP in Rat Hepatocytes in kJ/mol? Rat Heptatocye ATP=3.38 ADP 1.32 AMP 0.29 Pi= 4.8 Group of answer choices -46.0 -29.9 -44.0 -19.6 -28.3
What is the ∆G naught' for a phosphoryl transfer from ATP to glycerol? The hydrolysis of α-glycerophosphate to glycerol and inorganic phosphate has a ∆G naught' of -8.37 kj/mol. ATP + H2O <--> ADP + Pi ∆G naught' = -30.5 kj/mol What is the efficiency of this reaction (i.e. what % of the available energy remains in the system after the reaction)? Express your answer as a % of the total amount of energy available in the system. Where does the rest of the energy go?
How much fat (in grams) would the body have to burn to produce the daily minimum requirement of 40 kg ATP from ADP and phosphate? Assume that: 1. The fat is metabolized completely to water and carbon dioxide. 2. The energy that is released can be used entirely for ATP production. 3. Complete oxidation of 1 g of fat to water and CO2 releases 9 kcal or 37 kJ. 4. The Delta G for ATP hydrolysis is -30.5 kJ/mol. You will have to look up one more value online to answer this question, but you do not need to know anything about lipid metabolism. A) approx. 16 to 17 g of fat B) approx. 65 to 66 g of fat C) approx 22 to 23 kg of fat D) approx. 267 to 268 g of fat E) approx. 5 to 6 kg of fat

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16. If the aerobic catabolism of 1 mol of glucose yields 38 mol of ATP, and the energy released by aerobic ATP hydrolysis to ADP is -46 kJ/mol, how much energy is available from 1 mol of glucose via aerobic catabolism?