12 . What is the expected pH of a 0.015 M solution of boric acid (assuming 100% dissociation) ?

Acids You make a solution by dissolving 0.0010 mol of HCl in enough water to make 1.0 L of solution. a Write the chemical equation for the reaction of HCl(aq) and water. b Without performing calculations, give a rough estimate of the pH of the HCl solution. Justify your answer. c Calculate the H3O+ concentration and the pH of the solution. d Is there any concentration of the base OH present in this solution of HCl(aq)? If so, where did it come from? e If you increase the OH concentration of the solution by adding NaOH, does the H3O+ concentration change? If you think it does, explain why this change occurs and whether the H3O+ concentration increases or decreases. f If you were to measure the pH of 10 drops of the original HCl solution, would you expect it to be different from the pH of the entire sample? Explain. g Explain how two different volumes of your original HCl solution can have the same pH yet contain different moles of H3O+. h If 1.0 L of pure water were added to the HCl solution, would this have any impact on the pH? Explain.

What is the freezing point of vinegar, which is an aqueous solution of 5.00% acetic acid, HC2H3O2, by mass (d=1.006g/cm3)?

What is the pH of a 0.020 M solution of H2SO4? You may assume that the first ionization is complete. The second ionization constant is 0.010.

Define pH and explain why pH, rather than molarity, is used as a concentration measure of H3O+.