Jean Jules Jusserand (1855–1932). With Americans of Past and Present Days. 1916.
XI. Rochambeau and the French in America
From Unpublished DocumentsTo leave Rochambeau was for him one more cause of pain: “I shall never insist enough, nor sufficiently describe the sorrow I felt when separated from my worthy and respectable general; I lose more than any one else in the army.… Attentive as I was to all he had to say about battles, marches, the selection of positions, sieges,
Once again, therefore, life begins on those detested “sabots,” a large-sized sabot, this time, namely the Brave, of seventy-four guns, “quite recently lined with copper,” a sad place of abode, however, in bad weather, or even in any weather: “One can scarcely imagine the bigness of the sea, the noise, the height of the waves, such pitching and rolling that it was impossible to stand; the ships disappearing at times as if they had been swallowed by the sea, to touch it the instant after only with a tiny bit of the keel. What a nasty element, and how sincerely we hate it, all of us of the land troops! The lugubrious noise of the masts, the crics-cracs of the vessel, the terrible movements which on the sudden raise you, and to which we were not at all accustomed, the perpetual encumbrance that forty-five officers are for each other, forty having no other place of refuge than a single room for them all, the sad faces of those who are sick … the dirt, the boredom, the feeling that one is shut up in a sabot as in a state prison … all this is only part of what goes to make life unpleasant for a land officer on a vessel, even a naval one.… Let us take courage.”
They touch at Porto Rico, at Curaçao, where the fleet is saddened by the loss of the Bourgogne, at Porto Cabello (Venezuela), where they make some stay, and where Closen loses no time in resuming his observations on natives, men and beasts, tatous, monkeys, caimans, “enormous lizards quite different from ours,” houses which consist in one ground floor divided into three rooms. The “company of the Caracque” (Caracas) keeps the people in a state of restraint and slavery. Taxation is enormous.” Religious intolerance is very troublesome: “Though the Inquisition is not as rigorous in its searches as in Europe, for there is but one commissioner at Caracque, there is, however, too much fanaticism, too many absurd superstitions, in a word, too much ignorance among the inhabitants, who can
On the 24th of March (1783) great news reached them: the French vessel Andromaque arrived, “with the grand white flag on her foremast, as a signal of peace. The minute after all our men-of-war were decked with flags.” There were a few more incidents, like the capture of some French officers, who were quietly rowing in open boats, by “the Albemarle, of twenty-four guns, commanded by Captain Nelson, of whom these gentlemen speak in the highest terms.” As soon as the news of the peace was given him they were released by the future enemy of Napoleon.
The hour for the return home had struck at last. It was delayed by brief stays in some parts of the French West Indies, notably Cap Français, Santo Domingo (now Cap Haïtien). “A few days before our arrival at the Cape Prince William,
Some calms and some storms also delayed the return, with the usual “criiiiicks craaaaaks” of the masts, the journey being occupied in transcribing the “notes and journals on the two Americas,” and enlivened by the saving of the parrakeet of a Spanish lady who had been admitted with her family on board the Brave. “Frightened by something, the little parrakeet flies off and falls into the sea. The lady’s negro, luckily happening to be on the same side, jumps just as he is, with no time to think, dives, reappears, cries, ‘Cato! Cato!’ joins the parrakeet, puts her on his woolly head, and returns to the ship.” Delighted, the lady “allows this black saviour to kiss her hand, a unique distinction for a slave, and bestows on him a life pension of one hundred francs. Many sailors would have liked to do the same, had they known.”
Land is now descried; they see again the sights noted when sailing for America: these “coasts thick-decked with live people, fruit-trees and other delightful objects.” All is delightful; the joy is universal; they make arrangements to reach
At Guingamp he finds the Du Dresnays, other friends of his, and reaches Paris, he writes, on the 30th of June, with “all my live beings of all colors, myself looking an Indian so tanned and sun-burnt was my face, exception made for my forehead, which my hat had preserved quite white.”
The Rochambeau family made him leave his inn and stay with them in their beautiful house of the Rue du Cherche-Midi. The general (“my kind and respectable military father,” says Closen) presented him to the minister of war, Marshal de Ségur, who granted the young officer a flattering
I shall only add that the ministerial promise was kept, and that it was as a colonel and a knight of Saint Louis that Closen found himself aide-de-camp again to his old chief, Rochambeau, charged with the defense of the northern frontier at the beginning of the Revolution.
Faded inks, hushed voices. The remembrance of the work remains, however, and cannot fade;
There is, perhaps, no case in which, with the unavoidable mixture of human interests, a war has been more undoubtedly waged for an idea. The fact was made obvious at the peace, when victorious France, being offered Canada for a separate settlement, refused, and kept her word not to accept any material advantage, the whole
The cause was a just one; even the adversary, many among whom had been from the first of that opinion, was not long to acknowledge it. Little by little, and in spite of some fitful reawakening of former animosities, as was seen in the second War of Independence, hostile dispositions vanished. The three nations who had met in arms in Yorktown, the three whose ancestors had known a Hundred Years’ War, have now known a hundred years’ peace. “I wish to see all the world at peace,” Washington had written to Rochambeau. For over a century now the three nations which fought at Yorktown have become friends, and in this measure at least the wish of the great American has been fulfilled.