The Cambridge History of English and American Literature in 18 Volumes (1907–21).
Volume IV. Prose and Poetry: Sir Thomas North to Michael Drayton.
§ 4. Translations of Fedele and Fortunio: The Weakest goeth to the Wall
A translation from the Italian may be given as the beginning of Munday’s work as a dramatist, although it must be borne in mind that his authorship is not more than highly probable. This is Fedele and Fortunio, The Deceits in Love discoursed in a Comedy of two Italian Gentlemen: translated into English, printed in 1584. This play must have had some vogue, for one of the characters, captain Crackstone, is alluded to by Nashe as well known in a tract printed in 1596; and its influence as an admirably translated example of Italian comedy must have been considerable upon English drama. It is annoying, therefore, that the piece, which both Collier and Halliwell-Phillipps saw and quoted, has disappeared, and that we must judge of it by Halliwell’s meagre extracts. These present the humorous low life of the play rather than the romantic part, which was clearly of the character of Shakespeare’s earlier comedies, in which pairs of lovers are fantastically at cross purposes:
Munday, in 1580 and in his earliest published work, is anxious to proclaim himself “servant to the Earl of Oxford.” The earl of Oxford’s company of players acted in London between 1584 and 1587. Fleay, therefore, claims for Munday the authorship of The Weakest goeth to the Wall, a play printed in 1600, “as it hath bene sundry times plaide by the right honourable Earle of Oxenford, Lord great Chamberlaine of England his servants.” It is in favour of this claim that the story of theplay is found in Rich’s Farewell to the Military Profession, printed 1581. But the play is very different from Fedele and Fortunio. Its chief merit is the force and fluency of portions of its blank verse, which must be later than Tamburlaine. On the other hand, there are signs of an older style in the play. We have frequent passages of rime, and, in one place, the six-lined stanza occurs. The humorous scenes are a great advance upon Kemp’s applauded “Merriments” already referred to. They are excellent examples of the low life comedy that grew out of the part of the extempore clown in earlier interludes. Barnaby Bunch the “botcher,” and Sir Nicholas the country vicar, are vigorously etched from contemporary English life, and speak a fluent vernacular prose which, in one or two places, recalls Falstaff. Jacob Smelt the Dutchman requires a date nearer to 1600 than to 1580, but all this might be Munday’s work, and is certainly the work of his fellow craftsmen. Moreover, the general looseness of construction is characteristic of “our best plotter”; but he cannot have written the sonorous blank verse of the historic scenes, or made Emmanuel reproach Frederick—