The Bhagavad-Gita.
The Harvard Classics. 1909–14.
Chapter XVII
ARJUNA:
IF men forsake the holy ordinance, |
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Heedless of Shastras, yet keep faith at heart | |
And worship, what shall be the state of those, | |
Great Krishna! Sattwan, Rajas, Tamas? Say! | |
KRISHNA:
Threefold the faith is of mankind, and springs |
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From those three qualities,—becoming “true,” | |
Or “passion-stained,” or “dark,” as thou shalt hear! | |
The faith of each believer, Indian Prince! | |
Conforms itself to what he truly is. | |
Where thou shalt see a worshiper, that one | 10 |
To what he worships lives assimilate, | |
[Such as the shrine, so is the votary,] | |
The “soothfast” souls adore true gods; the souls | |
Obeying Rajas worship Rakshasas 1 | |
Or Yakshas; and the men of Darkness pray | 15 |
To Pretas and to Bhutas. 2 Yea, and those | |
Who practise bitter penance, not enjoined | |
By rightful rule—penance which hath its root | |
In self-sufficient, proud hypocrisies— | |
Those men, passion-beset, violent, wild, | 20 |
Torturing—the witless ones—My elements | |
Shut in fair company within their flesh, | |
(Nay, Me myself, present within the flesh!) | |
Know them to devils devoted, not to Heaven! | |
For like as foods are threefold for mankind | 25 |
In nourishing, so is there threefold way | |
Of worship, abstinence, and almsgiving! | |
Hear this of Me! there is a food which brings | |
Force, substance, strength, and health, and joy to live, | |
Being well-seasoned, cordial comforting, | 30 |
The “Soothfast” meat. And there be foods which bring | |
Aches and unrests, and burning blood, and grief, | |
Being too biting, heating, salt, and sharp, | |
And therefore craved by too strong appetite | |
And there is foul food—kept from over-night, 3 | 35 |
Savorless, filthy, which the foul will eat, | |
A feast of rottenness, meet for the lips | |
Of such as love the “Darkness.” | |
Thus with rites;— | |
A sacrifice not for rewardment made, | 40 |
Offered in rightful wise, when he who vows | |
Sayeth, with heart devout, “This I should do!” | |
Is “Soothfast” rite. But sacrifice for gain, | |
Offered for good repute, be sure that this, | |
O Best of Bharatas! is Rajas-rite, | 45 |
With stamp of “passion.” And a scarifice | |
Offered against the laws, with no due dole | |
Of food-giving, with no accompaniment | |
Of hallowed hymn, nor largesse to the priests, | |
In faithless celebration, call it vile. | 50 |
The deed of “Darkness!”—lost! | |
Worship of gods | |
Meriting worship; lowly reverence | |
Of Twice-borns, Teachers, Elders; Purity, | |
Rectitude, and the Brahmacharya’s vow, | 55 |
And not to injure any helpless thing,— | |
These make a true religiousness of Act. | |
Words causing no man woe, words ever true, | |
Gentle and pleasing words, and those ye say | |
In murmured reading of a Sacred Writ,— | 60 |
These make the true religiousness of Speech. | |
Serenity of soul, benignity, | |
Sway of the silent Spirit, constant stress | |
To sanctify the Nature,—these things make | |
Good rite, and true religiousness of Mind. | 65 |
Such threefold faith, in highest piety | |
Kept, with no hope of gain, by hearts devote, | |
Is perfect work of Sattwan, true belief. | |
Religion shown in act of proud display | |
To win good entertainment, worship, fame, | 70 |
Such—say I—is of Rajas, rash and vain. | |
Religion followed by a witless will | |
To torture self, or come at power to hurt | |
Another,—’tis of Tamas, dark and ill. | |
The gift lovingly given, when one shall say | 75 |
“Now must I gladly give!” when he who takes | |
Can render nothing back; made in due place, | |
Due time, and to a meet recipient, | |
Is gift of Sattwan, fair and profitable. | |
The gift selfishly given, where to receive | 80 |
Is hoped again, or when some end is sought, | |
Or where the gift is proffered with a grudge, | |
This is of Rajas, stained with impulse, ill. | |
The gift churlishly flung, at evil time, | |
In wrongful place, to base recipient, | 85 |
Made in disdain or harsh unkindliness, | |
Is gift of Tamas, dark; it doth not bless! 4 | |
Here endeth Chapter XVII. of the Bhagavad-Gîtâ, |
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entitled “Sraddhatrayavibhâgayôg,” or |
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“The Book of Religion by the Threefold |
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Kinds of Faith” |
Note 1. Rakshasas and Yakshas are unembodied but capricious beings of great power, gifts, and beauty, sometimes also of benignity. [back] |
Note 2. These are spirits of evil, wandering ghosts. [back] |
Note 3. Yâtayaman, food which has remained after the watches of the night. In India this would probably “go bad.” [back] |
Note 4. I omit the concluding shlokas, as of very doubtful authenticity. [back] |