Methodology Paper What is the relationship between central bank (CB) roles and banking crisis of a country? The CB can utilize its monetary instruments to bail out the insolvent banks and therefore keep the banking system still functioning (Khan, Khan and Dewan, 2013). However, the efficiency of utilizing this monetary instrument depends on the governance of the CB. The governance of CB consists of three essential elements, independency, accountability and transparency (Amtenbrink, 2004; Dincer and Eichengreen, 2014). The CB role on influencing the impact of crisis may not happen if there is a political influence from the government, such as the legislative and the executive. The legislative and executive bodies can intervene the …show more content…
On other situations, the CB may not take the subsequent steps to overcome the crisis. These conditions would not happen if CB has implemented the accountability and transparency. Considering the aforementioned institutional issues, the primary research question that the research is designed to answer is: Does the CB governance matter in reducing the probability of the banking crisis? The review of the literature suggested that there are three essential elements of CB governance: independence, accountability and transparency. So, the research’s first hypothesis is stated as follows: the more independent a CB, the less probability of a country experiences a banking crisis. The second hypothesis is the more transparent and accountable CB, the less unstable of banking sector in a country. Based on the research question and the developed hypothesis, the research will utilize the quantitative approach. The ultimate goal of quantitative study is to find generalization on large number of case based on different variables or to examine the causal phenomenon of numerical variables (King, Keohane and Verba, 1994). The regression analysis will be used throughout the study, it is not sophisticated but it is still powerful in the social science. Utilizing the rational choice approach as a starting point, the study will first explore the factors that have determined the banking crisis. Based
From the analysis, the crisis arose from a series of biased or irrational individual and organizational behaviors. To avoid the catastrophic effect, each individual and organization must change their behaviors.
The banking crisis of the late 2000s, often called the Great Recession, is labelled by many economists as the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression. Its effect on the markets around the world can still be felt. Many countries suffered a drop in GDP, small or even negative growth, bankrupting businesses and rise in unemployment. The welfare cost that society had to paid lead to an obvious question: ‘Who’s to blame?’ The fingers are pointed to the United States of America, as it is obvious that this is where the crisis began, but who exactly is responsible? Many people believe that the banks are the only ones that are guilty, but this is just not true. The crisis was really a systematic failure, in which many problems in the
There are three different themes when discussing creation myths: the motif of separation, the three-genes, and the motif of succession. The motif of succession is the most common theme out of the three. The motif of succession involves a fight between the older and younger gods. The younger gods will most likely fight the older gods and overthrow them. Due to the conflict between the older and younger gods, the beginning of the cosmic order comes into place.
From a macroeconomic perspective, banks and other financial institutions are of critical importance. Not only do they make loans to homeowners and businesses, but these institutions make loans to each other and also influence the money supply. With this in mind, the government as well as the general population have a great interest in insuring the stability of these institutions. So, in our case, when banks are seriously threatened with collapse, even through fault of their own, the state has an ethical duty to ensure their survival through any means necessary. This is a consequence of the deep connections these institutions have with all facets of our society. One clear ramification would be decreased access to loans, if a bank is failing, it will be more hesitant or even cease to make loans to homeowners and small businesses. What is more devastating is the effect this will have on our
The quantitative research design was used for this research. According to Vogt, W. P. (2005), quantitative research emphasizes the measurement and analysis of causal relationships between variables, not processes. Aliaga and Gunderson (2005) defines quantitative research as ‘Explaining a phenomena by collecting numerical data that are analyzed using mathematics based methods’ this approach
The reality of systemic risk made the task of regulating the financial system increasingly complicated, as the crises aren’t contained in one country or market. The extreme inter-dependence between the different agents is the main reason why we need regulation today, as some misconducts can cause a domino effect, affecting markets globally. The structure of the banking system in itself explains this process. In the finance industry, banks borrow money from other banks. If one bank fails, the one who lent the funds in the first place might also follow the same path, creating panic in the markets. The government’s first prerogative is to protect its citizens from these
This chapter is about the background of 2007-2008 financial crisis. The 2007-2008 financial crisis has a huge impact on US banking system and how the banks operate and how they are regulated after the financial turmoil. This financial crisis started with difficulty of rolling over asset backed commercial papers in the summer of 2007 due to uncertainty on the liquidity of mortgage backed securities and questions about the soundness of banks and non-bank financial institutes when interest rate continued to go up at a faster pace since 2004. In March 2008 the second wave of liquidity loss occurred after US government decided to bailout Bear Stearns and some commercial banks, then other financial institutions took it as a warning of financial difficulty of their peers. In the meantime banks started hoarding cash and reserve instead of lending out to fellow banks and corporations. The third wave of credit crunch which eventually brought down US financial system and spread over the globe was Lehman Brother’s bankruptcy in August 2008. Many major commercial banks in US held structured products and commercial papers of Lehman Brother, as a result, they suffered a great loss as Lehman Brother went into insolvency. This panic of bank insolvency caused loss of liquidity in both commercial paper market and inter-bank market. Still banks were reluctant to turn to US government or Federal Reserve as this kind of action might indicate delicacy of
One of the principal functions of financial oversight authorities in achieving a safer, more flexible, and more stable monetary and financial system is to regulate and supervise various financial entities. But following the crisis of 2007, regulatory authorities in the whole world were engaged in a fundamental reconsideration of how they approach financial regulation and supervision. Performing these functions through micro- prudential regulation and supervision of banks, holding companies, their affiliates and other entities, including nonbank financial companies, proved to be insufficient to ensure and maintain financial stability of a country, union or the world as a whole.
* The methodology chapter contains the discussion about the methodology adapted during the research process. The adapted methodology adapted on the rationale ground. First the research topic was carefully and analytically chosen. The selection of topic was the rationale decision due to two basic reasons. First reason was that the information available on the topic is excessive and vast quantity. The secondary information is readily
The Global Banking Financial Crisis 's and Its Impact on Developing Nations: Case Study Africa
Quantitative research investigates social phenomenon through the employment of statistics, mathematical procedures or computational measurement (Given, 2008). Quantitative methods are considered “deductive in nature, in the sense that inferences from tests of statistical hypotheses lead to general inferences about characteristics of a population” (Harwell, 2011, p. 149). Quantitative data are usually in the form of numbers, percentages or various types of statistics. Often times, quantitative research is aimed at testing hypotheses on the particular cases studied. Quantitative research is assumed more scientific since quantitative researchers believe that numerical and statistical data are unbiased, more reliable, and can be generalized to bigger population. In other words, quantitative research is defined as a design to “show how all of the major parts of the research project—the samples or groups, measures, treatments or programs, and methods of assignment—work together to try to address the central research questions” (Trochim & Land, 1982, p. 1). Conclusions are drawn from the analysis and interpretation of data collected from samples are further discussed by researcher(s) and decided by readers to which degree the findings are
Even though the Bank argues that its presence has reinforced the position of the government, the reality is that is has subordinated and marginalised it. Most of the Bank’s programme does not involve the government in the decision-making process, undermining the accountability of democratically elected representatives. In the end, the Bank’s presence has created problems rather than solving them.
Quantitative research is one of the most common methods that researchers in different disciplines employ in order to collect and analyze data. Cohen (1980) defined quantitative research as the empirical procedures that researchers apply while tackling social phenomena and problems using numerical measurements and standard norms. Furthermore, Creswell (1994) indicated that mathematical means are applied in quantitative research to investigate and analyze phenomena via collecting numerical data collection. Quantitative research addresses phenomenon and problems in an objective manner using scientific, numerical and statistical procedures and measurements.
In 2008 the world economy faced the worst global financial crisis since the great depression of 1930’s. The impact of the crisis on the banking industry was critical during this period. From 2007, bank runs began on several British and American major banking firms, but instead of the classic bank run it was as described by Gorton, G. and Metrick, A. (2009) ‘a run on the shadow banking system’. This period was characterised with failure of major banks across Europe and the US. This financial crisis resulted in few takeovers in backing sector and forced governments to rescue the global financial market. In this essay I will discuss what happened during the financial crisis of 2008-09, why it happened, and what questions researchers have
This research was conducted using quantitative research method. The surveys also support on the quantitative methods. The thirty samples of the students and the location are conducted the quantitative research methods.