Diplozoidae are economically important to Cyprinidae and a few Characidae by feeding on their blood and damaging their gill tissues (Kawatsu, 1978). Damage includes heamorrhages and ulceration of host epithelium, development of epithelial outgrowths and production of excessive amounts of mucus which can disturb the respiratory function of the gills (Erasmus and Chapman, 1972 and Ukoli, 1984) Heavy infection can lead to anemia in cases of those that are blood feeding (Kawatsu, 1978; Erasmus and Chapman 1972 and Chapman et al.,
This paper is written to discuss the ethical dilemma we come across when asking our self whether or not we should place a tube feeding in a patient with a history Alzheimer’s or Dementia. Will this prolong the patients’ life or just the inevitable death? Most often a decision needs to be made regarding the placement of a tube feeding. The question is not initiated by the patient themselves. This is the reason why educating our patients are so important. In this paper I will discuss how important the role of the healthcare professional plays in advocating for a patient. To help answer this ethical dilemma several issues will be explored. I will focus on the seven principles of ethics, education, utilitarianism, top-down
The purpose of this paper is to identify the characteristics, values and beliefs of Jehovah’s Witness group. It will discuss their reasoning for refusal to accept blood transfusions. The paper will elaborate on the best approach to offer appropriate care, advice and education while treating patients with respect in regards to their religious beliefs. British Journal of Nursing (2009) suggests that good, honest communication, without any element of coercion or scare tactics, is the key in the management of Jehovah’s Witness patients.
Ruth Francis-Floyd, professor, Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences (College of Veterinary Medicine) and Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, UF/IFAS Extension, Gainesville, FL 32611.
The additional species, Daphnia Pulex are a derivative from Daphnia Magna, which can be in located rain filled tire ruts and any stable body of water. These daphnia are established in fresh water and maintain the highest concentrations of daphnia compared to other species can be found in lakes and ponds. Daphnia magna is a water flea dependent on environmental conditions to breed and survive. Conditions such as temperature, salinity and oxygen levels can be detrimental to the lifespan of these organisms (Elenbaas, 2013. Within their existing environment daphnia consume algae, bacteria and detritus; it is this continual uptake of these organisms, which maintains the food chains integrity. Daphnia also host a number of bacteria, fungi, nematodes,
Daphnia are freshwater crustaceans which live in lakes, ponds, and slow-moving streams. To swim, the Daphnia uses its antennae by thrusting it downward and pushing itself towards the surface of the water. After each push it pauses and floats downward while breathing and collecting food with its ten legs. These creatures are filter feeders and survive in culture by eating algae and protozoans. Even though Daphnia have a hard outer shell for protection, they are vulnerable to many prey, including newts, salamanders, tadpoles, and small fish. The nutrients Daphnia intake by eating algae is passed on to their predators. This is important in the food chain even to those who don’t eat the Daphnia
An unusual court case involving a Witness and a blood transfusion occurred in Pomona, CA. Keith Cook, a drunken driver, had rammed his pickup truck into a stationary car, pushing it into a 55 year old woman, Jadine Russell. she was standing by the side of the road. She was a Jehovah's Witness, refused a blood transfusion, and died in hospital. Cook was found not guilty on his original murder charge, but was convicted of manslaughter. Prosecutors said Cook was responsible for the death because he caused the injuries. His lawyers argued that the immediate cause of Russell's death was her refusal of a blood transfusion. 18
By the end of the 20th century many firms were trying to create a Blood Substitute and had pumped in huge amount of money for its research. Biopure had spent over $200 Million with the primary goal of developing a Human Blood Substitute. It’s entry into the animal market was by chance and their continued efforts in the field was an opportunistic pursuit. However, its animal product called Oxyglobin had received the final FDA approval while Hemopure was about to enter phase III clinical trials.
Controlling infections in the hospital setting has been a major issue for hundreds of years. Patients have largely been effected by pathogens transferred from those appointed to care for them. Florence Nightingale became famous for changing the way we practice patient care. Her idea was simple yet powerful and it is still considered the standard worldwide. She promoted hand washing in order to reduce healthcare infections. Flash-forward a hundred years and we are now seeing infections increase through a different route. The CDC estimated about 31,100 central line associated blood stream infections occur each year (Control, 2015). According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the most commonly reported pathogens include coagulase-negative staphylococci, Staphylococcus aureus, enterococci, and Candida. (Tavianini, Deacon, Negrete, & Salapka, 2014). Although central lines was not yet a technology created in healthcare, implementing the fundamental skills as emphasized by Nightingale
Step 1: Calculate the weight, 44 g of cornstarch (using the digital scale) into the 2 cup
In this situation, I believe it is not ethical to meet with the family and patient to attempt to convince them to change their minds regarding the transfusion. This is because the patient is competent and understands the risks of not receiving the transfusion. In addition, it is important to respect the patient's wishes and religious beliefs, even if they go against our own values and beliefs. It mentions that the physician has provided the patient and family with a thorough explanation. If this explanation included informing the patient of potential health problems, risk, and consequences of not receiving the transfusion, then the patient's autonomy must be fulfilled. Although, it seems that it most likely did since the patient understands
Why do people think of how blood banks work? Some think think why they exist well i will explain for you why there´s blood banks out in the world. Dr.charles richards drew broke barriers racially split up america to become one of the most important scientist of the 20th century.his pioneering research with the systematic developments in the use and preservation of blood plasma during world war ll not only saved thousands of live,but innovated the nation’s blood banking process and standardized procedures for a long period of time blood preservation and storage techniques adapted by american red cross addition to federal regulations,fda periodically issues guidance documents given recommendation to decrease the potential for transmission of infection diseases when new information or testing methodologies becomes available.for example since november 1999,the FDA has recommended that the blood industry defer potential donors who have lived in the U.K and other european countries to reduce the risk of variant
G. spinigerum has a many host life history. The first intermediate host is a small fresh-water crustacean, a cyclopoid copepod (Prommas and Daengsvan, 1933). The eggs hatch in fresh water and water fleas of the genus Cyclops eat the larvae. The water fleas are eaten by small fish. The larvae end up in the stomachs of carnivores. The larva pierce through the stomach wall and relocate around in the host's body for about three months before returning to the stomach and attaching itself in the gastric mucosa. It takes six months to mature. The eggs are carried in the host's feces. If they reach fresh water then the cycle begins again. Paratenic hosts are an important part of the life cycle, and it has been found that the advanced third-stage larvae
How much do people know about blood banks, and the causes they serve? Without blood banks it would affect the world majorly around us, and not only the people getting the blood. Donating blood could also affect the donor with the experience of helping another person’s life. There are requirements, like screening and testing their blood, people need to meet to be able to donate and there are minor risks that could happen during the whole process. In summary, blood banks are a necessity to the world because they have saved people's lives from mild to fatal blood loss and other medical problems.
The life cycle of Cymothoa exigua is unknown but one thing for sure is that they undergo sexual reproduction. Scientists believe that when the juvenile parasite first attaches to the fish’s gills, they
Many people have heard different theories about why President Washington died. The most common one though, seems to be the fact that he was blood let, leading to his subsequent death. If that does not seem unusual enough, how about people drinking their own poop. Well believe it or not, people have been known to do that willingly, mainly for various medical reasons, one being fecal bacteriotherapy (FBT). Another even stranger solution people came up with for 'curing' maladies, is trepanation the act of drilling holes in others' heads. All of these unusual practices have led to valid current day medical procedures.