Testing the Strength of Plant Fibers Essay

To examine the different parts of a flower by dissecting their structures for observation under the microscope. From the dissection of the flower, this enables and enhances the recognition and identification of the various parts as well as their functions, by applying knowledge of what have been previously learned in class.

Lab procedures must be communicated in a lab to ensure that the lab is a safe place to perform experiments. Using good judgment, observe safety rules and follow directions can prevent accidents form happening. Experiments should include comments to alert people

To develop problem solving and experimental skills, for example, information is accurately processed and presented, experimental procedures are planned, designed and evaluated properly, producing valid results, recording results, and valid conclusion is drawn.

Pumpkin is one of the economically important vegetable in the world which is native to North and Central America (Whitaker and Bemis, 1975). Pumpkin belongs to genus Cucurbita of family Cucurbitaceae, generally considered to consist of melons, cucurbits and pumpkins. (Toetia, 1992). There are three common species of pumpkin worldwide: Curcurbita pepo, Curcurbita maxima, and Cucurbita moschata (Whang et al, 1999). Each species consist of several variet¬ies, which differ in shape, color, and chemical composition. Pumpkin is grown throughout tropical and subtropical countries (Dutta et al. 2005). The world production of pumpkin in 2013 is approximately 24 million tons and China, India, Russia, United states, Egypt are the major pumpkin producing countries ( FAOSTAT ,2013).

Pumpkins fall into the Cucurbitaceae Family which include: squash, watermelon, cucumber, zucchini, gourds, and luffa. Although the exact date is unknown, researchers have dated pumpkins back to the time of

The filament works alongside the anther in the production of a plant’s pollen, of which will be used for fertilization and reproduction.

Do you know where pumpkins originated from? Let’s find out! Pumpkins are a major part of Halloween. Pumpkins originated from Central America. They know grow on 6 continents. U.S. growers produce 1.5 billon pound of pumpkins a year. Each pumpkin has around 500 seeds. A serving of pumpkin contains 0.5 grams of fat. There are 30 different types of pumpkins. The worlds largest pumpkin weighs 1,700 pounds. The pumpkin we carve is probably the Connecticut Field

To develope certain experiment skills, such as working safely, producing valid results, recording results and drawing valid conclusions from results.

They receive water through the roots through

How do plants grow? “The internodes in the terminal bud are very short so that the developing leaves grow above the apical meristem that produced and thus protecting it.”(“Stem Growth”) If leaves do not form the plant cannot create glucose for food. Terminal bud produces cells that enable the stem to grow longer, and periodically which give rise

To develop a slide of actively dividing plant tissue and observe stages of the cell cycle in living tissue.

Making the onion tip root cell slide was successful. Our results supported the hypothesis because we saw cells in the onion root tip in prophase, metaphase, and anaphase. As we went up in power objectives, each phase of the cell became more definitive. The cell root was a great indicator of the structures of the different cycles of the cell. This is important because we will be prepared for future labs working with the microscopes and can now adjust it for the best view of the slide. We practiced working with the compound light microscopes and different phases of the cell cycle. Onion root tips are useful to observe mitosis because the cells are frequently diving as the root grows. So when we stained the cell, we caught many cells in different phases. The significance of this lab was to better understand the process and stages of mitosis and meiosis and compare and contrast the mitotic process in plants and animals. We grasped the concepts of what the chromosomes look like, and what they look like in each step of the processes. Having read much about mitosis and meiosis, seeing these cells was the real application of describing and understanding the stages.

To develop problem solving and experimental skills, for example, information is accurately processed and presented, experimental procedures are planned, designed and evaluated properly, producing valid results, recording results, and valid conclusion is drawn.

Both types of cells contain organelles, each with a specific function. Plant and animals cells both contain a nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm and mitochondria. What defines the two cells is the plant cell also contains a rigid cell wall, a permanent vacuole and chloroplasts. The Nucleus contains genetic material and controls how the cell operates. The Cell surface membrane, or plasma, surrounds the cell and controls what enters and leaves. Membranes are said to divide up the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. The Cytoskeleton, which is made up of microtubules and microfilaments, moves the cytoplasm during cell migrations. Mitochondria is where aerobic respiration is performed. Protein synthesis happens in the Ribosomes. In terms of the plant cell, the Rigid Cell Wall strengthens the cell and helps maintain the structure. The Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, which absorbs light for a plant to perform photosynthesis. The Permanent Vacuole is filled with sap and keeps the cell turgid.

Paradisiacal normalis, M. sapien-tum and M. cavendishi as well as the length, width, and thickness of the leaf and the number, diameter, and tensile strength of leaf fibers. Samples were collected in Dampit, Wajak and Batu, Malang, Indonesia. Microscope slides used for anatomical observations were pre-pared using a semi-permanent method. The Retting method was applied to extract the fibers, and fiber strength was measured using a tensile strength tester. One way Anova and the Duncan test were used to establish the mean and other parameters of the dependent variables (length-, width-, thick-leaf; number-, diameter-, and tensile strength of fiber). The T-test (independent sample) was used to determine the mean diameter of fiber in adaxial and abaxial sites. The results showed that M. Brachycarpa had the highest number of fiber cells, a wider diameter fiber, and more adaxial fiber cells than the abaxial site. The diameter of fibers was 5 - 6 μm. M. sapietum had the longest and widest leaves and leaf thickness was highest in M. Paradisiaca. The tensile strength values ranged from 35 × 10−4 - 48 × 10−4 MPa. The tensile strength of the observed species did not differ