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Existing Canals in the World: The Panama Canal and The Suez Canal

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Introduction

Canals are human-made and completely subject to the sovereignty of the state in which they are located. Canals are internal waters that have no right of innocent passage through canals. Typically, there are only two canals in the world - Panama Canal and Suez Canal. Panama Canal opened on 15 August 1914 with a total length of 80.5km (50 miles). Panama Canal is the integral link for shipping traffic from the Pacific and Atlantic Ocean in North U.S. (refer Fig. 1). Panama Canal consist a system of locks to raise or lower the ships to a new level. When a ships goes through one of the gates the water level decreases or increases depending on the level of the next lock. When the water level is the same as the next lock then the gate opens (Mitchell, 2011) (refer Fig 2). This combination successfully reduced the journey between east and west of US by 13,000 km (refer Fig 3) (Rodrigue et al., 2014). Thus, it is the main route from Europe to West of US and Pacific Ocean, accommodating an estimated 5% of the world’s total cargo volume (U.S. Department of Transportation and Maritime Administration, 2013). There are about 1,200 ships passed through the canal every day and more than 14,000 ships transit the canal, 70% of the containerized freight is inbound or outbound from the U.S. East Coast annually (Knight, 2008).

Intermodal transportation defined as the transportation of a person/load from its origin to its destination by a sequence of at least two transportation

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