Case study LIFO or FIFO
Submission Date Sep-9-2015
Class: Accounting
Submitted by
Objective:
Three companies changed their inventory accounting policy. Find the reason behind the change and analyze the impact of the change on the Balance Sheet and Profit & Loss. What accounting lessons we can learn from these two cases?
Case 1
Questions
1. Use a table to show general effects of FIFO vs. LIFO
Answer: Difference between FIFO and LIFO Market price rise | FIFO | LIFO | VS | Ending inventory | ↑ | ↓ | FIFO > LIFO | Total assets | ↑ | ↓ | FIFO > LIFO | COGS | ↓ | ↑ | FIFO < LIFO | Income tax | ↑ | ↓ | FIFO
…show more content…
Answer: (b) The change from LIFO to FIFO impacts both the balance sheet and income statement in a material way. The ending inventory increased by $850K from $1,350K to $2,200K and the COGS decreased by $450K from $4,200K to $3,750K. The GP ratio increased from 24% to 32% and the percentage of revenue of net income increased from 4% to 9%.
3. What would have happened if Example Corporation in this case had been using FIFO at the beginning of Year 1, instead of using LIFO that year?
‘000 | Year 1(LIFO) | Year 1(FIFO) | Difference | Ending inventory | 1,350 | 1,750 | 400 | Income Statement | | | | Sales | 5,000 | 5,000 | - | COGS | 3,300 | 2,900 | (400) | GP | 34% | 42% | 8pts | Income tax | 245 | 385 | 140 | Net income | 455 | 715 | 260 |
Answer: If the corporation had used FIFO, the ending inventory would have increased by 400K from 1,350K to 1,750K and the COGS would have decreased by 400K from 3,300K to 2,900K. The GP ratio would have increased from 34% to 42%. The income tax would have increased by 140K from 245K to 385K and the net income would have increased by 260K from 455K to 715K.
4. How would Example Corporation and their accounting choices have differed if inventory purchase prices had been stable or had been falling, over the two-year period?
Answer: If inventory purchase prices had been stable, there would be no difference between FIFO and LIFO. Therefore, the Corporation would not change its
The effect of this transaction and next year’s income statement would be the ending inventory balance will increase and added in the cost of goods sold. The current period, the high value of the inventory balance will imply lower gross margins. The income tax expenses will decrease as the income tax expenses are usually proportionately depending on the company’s net earnings. In the next year, the transaction will increase in income and tax expense. Because a lot of inventories will be processed into finished goods which increase the gross sales, increasing the level of gross profit and earnings in the company. The income tax expenses and net earnings will increase.
45. (LO1) ATW corporation currently uses the FIFO method of accounting for its inventory for book and tax
Learning Objective: 04-02 Explain the purpose of adjustments and analyze the adjustments necessary at the end of the period to update balance sheet and income statement accounts.
-The was a liquidation of LIFO inventory quantities carried at lower cost compared with the current cost of their acquisitions. Because of this, COGS decreased.
For the year ended December 31, 2009, financial statement M should adjust its liability to $18.5 million FASB 450-20-50-3 through 450-20-50-8 required disclosure of additional exposure to loss if there is a reasonable possibility that there are additional amount to be paid. The amount of the adjustment would be considered 2009 an event period adjustment.
2. Suppose a customer buys an iPhone from Apple for $500 on January 1, 2010. The cost of the iPhone to Apple is $350. Assume that the customer is entitled to upgrades over the next two years. Use the following financial statement effects template (FSET) to illustrate the financial statement impacts for Apple of the customer's iPhone purchase on the date of the initial purchase and at the end of each of the two years following the initial purchase under generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP).
2. What is the effect of the depreciation accounting method change on the reported income in 1984? How will this change affect profits in future years?
When using the LIFO method, if sales are higer than current purchases inventory not sold may be liquidated. This is called LIFO liquidation. The effect of the LIFO liquidation on the Harnischfeger’s income statement is an increase in net income by $2.4 million or $.20 in fiscal year 1984. There is no income tax effect. On the balance sheet there is a decrease of inventory, due to liquidation.
For an S corporation converted from a C corporation, it shall recognize the LIFO recapture amount, which is the excess of FMV on the first day of S year over the adjusted basis, by including it in the gross income of the last C corporation year.
According to the fact of this case, Parent Co. (Parent) wholly owns Poor Son Co. (Poor Son) as a legal subsidiary, and both of them all nonpublic companies. However, in January 2007 Poor Son filed a voluntary bankruptcy under Chapter 11 of the U.S. bankruptcy code because of its inability of meet obligations as they became due. Then, Parent claimed the loss of control of Poor Son and deconsolidated Poor Son from its financial statement. Through the bidding process in May 2009, Poor Son and OtherCo, the winning sponsor, filed a joint plan of reorganization to the bankruptcy court, but the plan was rescinded by OtherCo later due to significant market value shrink of Poor Son. After that, the
5. Assume the statutory tax rate is 35%. Calculate the increase in income tax expense (both actual and %) if Exxon followed FIFO instead of LIFO (for both reporting and tax purposes).
Accounts receivable are amounts owed by customers on account. They result from the sale of goods and services on credit. These receivables are generally expected to be collected within 30 to 60 days. They are typically the most significant type of claim held by a company. Accounts receivable and notes receivable resulting from sales are also known as trade receivables. Accounts receivable resulting from sales are referred to as trade receivables in Alcatel's financial statements.
Due to the information, 20 acres of land equal 80 sheep according to the exchange rate of last year, a one-room cabin equal 3 acres of land and equal 12 sheep finally, a plow equals 2 goat and equal 2/3 sheep according to last year’s exchange rate and 2 carts which were traded with a poor acre of land equals 8 sheep plus 400 sheep. So Deyonne’s total assets are 500(2/3) sheep. Deyonne’s liabilities and assets deduction are 35 sheep plus 3 sheep, which will come to 38 sheep,
* Net Operating Income (NOI), Cash Flow from Operations (CFO) and Cash Flow after Financing (CFAF)
a. Estimate the amount of revenue that Microsoft would have been reported in each year from 1996 through 1999 if Microsoft had not adopted its new revenue recognition policy in 1996.