PHY111L Lab #8

Lab 8 - Momentum Date Performed — 11/25/22 Date Submitted — 11/28/22 Student — Kade Veilion USM ID - W10104428

Purpose To understand the conservation of Momentum for collisions. Introduction Using a simulation to observe the changes in velocity, momentum, and kinetic energy. Changing mass of different objects as well as the elasticity of the collision to see how these factors effect the conservation of momentum and see how mass can change the way momentum is transferred.

Name: /4@5@ [/c{ ' lc?v«\ o [Oloddz PHY 111: Remote Lab #8 Momentum Purpose: To investigate the concept of linear momentum Objectives: To describe the physics of collisions To introduce the concept of impulse To distinguish between elastic and inelastic collisions To describe the influence of relative masses on the outcomes of collisions To apply the Laws of Motion to the understanding of collisions To derive the concept of conservation of linear momentum Materials & Resources e “Collision Lab” simulation (found at http://phet.colorado.edu) Introduction A “collision” in physics occurs when two objects get so close to each other (often to the extent of coming in contact with each other) so as to dramatically affect each other’s velocities. Collisions are often thus described as arising from the imparting of impulses, which are relatively large amounts of forces applied over small durations of time. Impulses can also be thought of as changes in momentum — momentum being the mass of an object multiplied by its velocity. Like energy, momentum can be transferred from one object to another. Also like energy, the total momentum of a system is conserved — that is, the momentum of a system of objects before a collision equals the momentum of that system after a collision. The analysis of collisions ranges from the forensics of car crashes to the discovery of new subatomic particles, and therefore is of great importance in physics. Here we will review some of the basic ideas behind momentum.

Part #1: Simulations of elastic collisions Go to phet.colorado.edu and search for the “Collision Lab” simulation (as before, it will be under “Physics” and “Motion”). We will start with the 1-dimensional simulation (“introduction”). In our 1D simulations, the mass at the left is always moving at the beginning (the “incoming™ mass, or object #1) and the mass at the right is always stationary at the beginning (object #2). You may need to set the motion of the right-hand mass to zero. 1. Choose the “elastic” setting (or move the slide bar all the way to “elastic”). Set the masses both equal to 1.0 kg. There is also a tab to keep track of the system’s total kinetic energy. (a) Note the values of the objects’ masses, velocities and the total kinetic energy of the system before & after an elastic collision (Table §-1). Table 8-1. Elastic collision between two identical masses Object #1 Object #2 System Mass (kg): 1.0 1.0 Z ': O Initial velocity ] / = (m/s): » M/5 0 2 M 5 X Final velocity , Z / , (m/s): ' > ( O X Initial Kinetic : Energy (J): X X i (fl 5 Final Kinetic Energy (J): X X f éj 3 1?1:;?111/ I;I)C:)menmm M/Z ;LQV /( ‘ 5 -@éfi% T Sk, |- Ol %% Js 5% (b) Next, determine the initial and final momenta of the objects and record them in Table 8-1. If the sim doesn’t provide this directly, you will have to calculate it (note that “p” represents momentum): p=mv

2 (¢) Compare the initial velocity of object #1 to the final velocity of object #2. What appears to have happened? A\ ma’fiy H‘@b " (d) How does the initial momentum of object #1 compare to the final momentum of object #1? Is the initial momentum greater, is the final momentum greater, or are they equal? j:« N a[ M2y er] s \ 5 6/@.\* of (e) How does the initial momentum of object #2 compare to the final momentum of object #27 1 ;q‘,‘%'w[ mornentam S /00\/,&/' (f) How does the initial momentum of the system (i.e. object #1 plus object #2) compare to the final momentum of the system? fl«{’Y Cle *\/\(’, Secnn ¢ (¢) Finally, how does the initial kinetic energy of the system compare to the final kinetic energy of the system? /\/\}.7 oie Ay Seam £ Leave the collision setting as “elastic”, but now make object #1 twice as massive as object #2. Run the sim again and record the values of each quantity in Table 8-2. (a) Compare the initial velocity of object #1 to the final velocity of object #2. They won’t be equal this time — what appears to have happened instead? Olyyret 2 30 Nfl\ Wave f"‘"‘*grl)x o metha et +0 Weof So\ect | movivng