Transmission and infection of H5N1

some, such as A(H5N1) and A(H7N9), have caused serious infections in people and can seriously impact local and global economies and international trade. The majority of human cases of A(H5N1) and A(H7N9) infection have been associated with direct or indirect contact with infected live or dead poultry. An influenza is a highly contagious viral infection of the respiratory passages causing fever, severe aching, and catarrh, and often occurring in epidemics. Because it is a viral infection, it cannot be

patterns in both Avian Influenza A (H5N1) and Bubonic Plague. There are two main features of variability between Avian Influenza outbreaks and Bubonic plague pandemics that I find prudent to acknowledge in order to give my cross historical comparison of the political response to these diseases a solid grounding. The first is the basic function and spread of the diseases. Avian Flu and Bubonic plague differ in their level of danger partially due to their transmission mediums and forms. The second is

feverish/chills Cough Sore throat Runny or stuffy nose Muscle or body aches Headaches Vomiting and diarrhea Testing Influenza testing is gathered to help diagnose an influenza infection and sometimes to help document and determine the presence of specific types and/or the strains of influenza causing the infections during the flu season. Routinely influenza cases are diagnosed without any form of testing done by the physician, especially during the absence of the flu season and knowledge the

Avian Influenza (H5N1) In this task, the investigation will be done is about the emerging infectious disease and the name of disease will be researched is avian influenza. Avian Influenza is also known as bird flu, is a type A influenza virus. It is lethal to poultry and is potentially fatal in humans. Avian Influenza is defined as emerging infectious disease (Bird flu (avian influenza), 2012). Water birds such as wild ducks are believed to be the carriers of all avian influenza type A viruses

This is important because past pandemics were either through direct transmission with sustainability or by genetic reassortment. As indicated, the influenza viruses are ever changing, which means we have yet to see direct transmission or reassortment now but that’s not to say it won’t happen in the future. Once these strains of the HPAI do experience change, especially if incorporating traits from

Environmental  and  Global  Health   EEEeeCommunity  Health  Nursing   EE           Community Health Nursing Environmental  and  Global  Health-­‐HAT  Task  #3   Lynn  Senfelds   Western  Governor’s  University     Environmental  and  Global  Health   Task  A-­‐1   The  Communicable  Disease  Outbreak  of  Avian  Influenza   2          Communicable  diseases

H5N1 Avian (Bird Flu) The characteristics of it are that it is small, microscopic, and has a sphere like form with spikes surrounding the outside covering. It has a lipid envelope. The diameter of it is approximately 80-120 nanometers. Only about 80% of the spikes are hemagglutinin, a protein that functions as an attachment to the host cell. The other 20% of the spikes contains neuraminidase, is involved in the releasing of the newly produced virus from the host cell. On the inner side of the envelope

influenza virus develops antibodies against that virus; as the virus changes, the "first" antibody no longer recognizes the "newer" virus and infection can occur because the host does not recognize the new flu virus as a problem until the infection is well under way. The first antibody developed may, in some instances, provide partial protection against infection with a new influenza virus. According to Medicine Net.com, In 2009, almost all individuals had no antibodies that could recognize the novel

Influenza, Avian Influenza, and the Impacts of Past and Looming Pandemics Avian influenza is a disease that has been wreaking havoc on human populations since the 16th century. With the recent outbreak in 1997 of a new H5N1 avian flu subtype, the world has begun preparing for a pandemic by looking upon its past affects. In the 20th Century, the world witnessed three pandemics in the years of 1918, 1957, and 1968. In 1918 no vaccine, antibiotic, or clear recognition of the disease was known. Killing

worldwide. The United States has yet to have a confirmed outbreak because we set such high regulations on the meat we sell in our markets, thus preventing a large outbreak from hitting our country. The mortality rate is the number of deaths caused by the H5N1 virus worldwide. For