Research Methods for the Behavioral Sciences (MindTap Course List)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781337613316
Author: Frederick J Gravetter, Lori-Ann B. Forzano
Publisher: Cengage Learning
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 6.5, Problem 8LO
Define experimenter bias, demand characteristics, and reactivity, and explain how these artifacts can threaten both internal and external validity.
Expert Solution & Answer
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Students have asked these similar questions
What benefit does conducting an experiment to prove that free coffee causes more frequent shoe purchases have beyond determining cause and effect? An experiment allows the researcher to include as many variables as possible in the experiment . An experiment allows the researcher to cross -check that their observations are correct . This type of study allows a researcher to employ a case study research design . An experiment allows the researcher to eliminate the effects of confounding variables
Product placement is a form of advertising in which a company's products and name are intentionally positioned in motion pictures, TV programs, radio broadcasting, and the likes. Product placement can take many forms: verbal mentions in dialogue, actual use by a character, or visual displays.
a. Describe the dependent and independent variables for a proposed study from this scenario.
b. Describe hypotheses that your study will test based on the scenario above.
Product placement is a form of advertising in which a company's products and name are intentionally positioned in motion pictures, TV programs, radio broadcasting and the likes. Product placement can take many forms: verbal mentions in dialogue, actual use by a character, or visual displays. [Max. 300 words] a. Describe the dependent and independent variables for a proposed study from this scenario. b. Describe hypotheses that your study will test based on the scenario above.
A clinician was interested in exploring functionality in patients following a stroke rehabilitation program. Participants were recruited through the rehabilitation unit at Providence Care Hospital. Functional status was evaluated at baseline (immediately following stroke), and 8 weeks later. Patients’ functional outcomes were rated on the following 5-point scale: 1 – poor, 2- fair, 3 – moderate, 4 -good, 5 – excellent. The clinician wants to know whether patients improved their functioning over the 8-week period.
1. Under the heading “Results” present your findings (i.e., what you found).Include at least one measure of central tendency and variability. An assumption check(describe what you did and what you found, as needed), check for potential outliers,and present the findings of your inferential test (i.e., your critical value and p value), asappropriate.
Patient
Baseline Functional Status (1 to 5)
8 week follow up functional status (1 to 5)
1
4
3
2
1
2
3
3
3
4
5
4
5
4
1…
Chapter 6 Solutions
Research Methods for the Behavioral Sciences (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 6.1 - Describe, compare, and contrast the five research...Ch. 6.1 - Define research strategy, research design, and...Ch. 6.2 - Define the concept of external validity and a...Ch. 6.2 - Define the concept of internal validity and a...Ch. 6.3 - Identify and explain the common threats to...Ch. 6.4 - Describe how extraneous variables can become...Ch. 6.4 - Describe how environmental variables can be...Ch. 6.5 - Define experimenter bias, demand characteristics,...Ch. 6 - In addition to the key words, you should also be...Ch. 6 - For each of the following scenarios, identify...
Ch. 6 - How is the descriptive strategy different from the...Ch. 6 - Explain the difference among the terms research...Ch. 6 - A researcher conducts a study with 6-year-old...Ch. 6 - A researcher finds that college students are more...Ch. 6 - Explain how using college students as participants...Ch. 6 - What is the novelty effect, and how does it affect...Ch. 6 - Suppose that you wake up in the morning with all...Ch. 6 - What is the primary threat to internal validity...Ch. 6 - Describe how experimenter bias can be a threat to...Ch. 6 - Describe how participant reactivity can be a...Ch. 6 - Selection bias and individual differences are both...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, statistics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- What is an experiment?arrow_forwardWhich of the following is NOT a threat to the internal validity of an experiment? Experimenter effects. Confounding variables Demand characteristics. Within-groups design.arrow_forwardWhen an interaction term is statistically significant, you must be cautious in interpreting the main effects. True or False?arrow_forward
- Dr. Guidry conducts a study examining the relationship between the number of friends one has and the experience of daily stress and life satisfaction. She randomly samples 1,500 elderly men and women in Nashville, Tennessee (the state capital), located in the southern United States. Dr. Guidry submits her study for publication in a scientific journal. If one of the peer reviewers is concerned about the external validity of her study, which of the following is the most important aspect of Dr. Guidry's study to consider? the number of significant findings the random sampling technique used to recruit the participants the number of people in the sample the use of three measured variablesarrow_forwardResearchers investigate how the presence of cell phones influence the quality of human interaction. Subjects are randomly selected from a population and divided into an experimental group that is asked to leave their phones in the front of the room and a control group that are not asked to leave their cell phones at the front of the room. Subjects are left alone for 10 minutes and then asked to take a survey designed to measure quality of interactions they had with others in the experiment. What statistical test is appropriate?arrow_forward(2) The researcher wants to associate teaching philosophies of teachers to leadership styles of their respective school head (Ho: There is no significant relationship between teacher's teaching philosophy and school head's leadership style.) Below is the data: Teaching Philosophy Essentialism Progressivism Democratic Authoritative Transformational Transactional Laissez- Faire 27 23 50 65 66 131 54 28 82 Level of significance: 5% Degree of Freedom: Critical value: 9.488 Calculated Critical Value: Hypothesis: Interpretation: There is Leadership Style -Σ x² = 100 250 350 Test for the significant relationship of the two variables in 5% level of significance. The critical value is already given below. 320 475 795 (0 - E)² E Total significant relationship between the two variables. 566 842 1408arrow_forward
- A researcher conducts a two-way ANOVA to determine how eating breakfast affects children's grades in school. Factor A has three levels: no breakfast, sugary breakfast, high protein breakfast. Factor B has two levels: males and females. Factor B has no main effect and there is no interaction effect. It is safe to conclude that _________. a. Factor A does not influence the participant's grades b. Factor B does not influence the participant's grades c. Factor A has an influence on the participant's grades d. Factor B has an influence on the participant's grades Clear my choicearrow_forwardTreatment for depression: Researchers conducted a study of 18 patients whose depression had not responded to treatment (Zarate, 2006). Half received one intravenous dose of ketamine, hypothesized quick fix for depression; half received one intravenous dose of placebo. Far more of the patients who received ketamine improved, as measured by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, usually in less than 2 hours, than patients on placebo. a.What is the population of interest, and what is the sample in the study? b. Was random selection likely used? Explain your answer. c. Was random assignment likely used? Explain your answer. d. What is the independent variable and what are the levels? What is the dependent variable? e. What is the null hypothesis and what is the research hypothesis? f. What decision did the researchers make? (Respond using the language of inferential statistics.) g. If the researchers were incorrect in their decision, what kind of error did they make? Explain your answer.…arrow_forwardFunctional foods are those containing nutritional supplements in addition to natural nutrients. Kolodinsky, et al. (2009) examined attitudes toward functional foods for college students. For American students, the results indicated that females had a more positive attitude toward functional foods and were more likely to purchase them compared to males. In similar study, a researcher asked students to rate their general attitude toward functional foods on a 7-point scale (higher score is more positive). The results are as follows: Females Males n=8 n=12 M=4.69 M=4.43 SS=1.60 SS=2.72 a. Do the data indicate that females have a more positive attitude toward functional foods than males? Use α = .05 b. Compute the 95% confidence interval.arrow_forward
- Dr. Farah is an educational psychologist who is interested in studying the potential causal relationship between doing homework and academic achievement. In January, Dr. Farah has her students report their fall GPA (a measure of academic achievement) and estimate how many hours they spent doing homework during a typical week in the fall semester. In May, Dr. Farah measures the same variables again (the estimated number of hours spent doing homework during a typical week in the spring semester and their spring GPA). She finds the following correlations. Imagine that Dr. Farah noted a cyclical, reinforcing relationship between homework and academic achievement. For this to be case, which of the following correlations would need to be significant? a. Correlations 1 and 6 b. Correlations 2 and 5 c. Correlations 3 and 4 d. Correlations 2 and 3 Answer is C for this question. Why this one is the answer and others are not?arrow_forwardThis case study looks at the introduction of a pet therapy program. The evaluator looks at a number of variables including patient age, gender, and length of stay in the rehabilitation unit. The evaluator did not look at the type of injury or the type of therapy the patient was receiving. This study found no statistically significant relationship between the number of pet visits and satisfaction with the pet therapy project. Suppose there was a statistically significant difference between number of visits and satisfaction. What would this mean for the evaluation of the pet therapy program?arrow_forwardMcAllister, et al. (2012) compared varsity football and hockey players with varsity athletes from noncontact sports to determine whether exposure to head impacts during one season have an effect on cognitive performance. In the study, tests of new learning performance were significantly poorer for the contact sport athletes compared to the noncontact sport athletes. The following table presents data similar to the results obtained in the study. Noncontact Athletes Contact Athletes 10 7 8 4 7 9 9 3 13 7 7 6 6 10 12 2 Are the neurological test scores significantly lower for the contact athletes than for the noncontact athletes in the control group? Use a one-tailed test with α = .05. Compute the value of r² (percentage of variance accounted for) for these data.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Big Ideas Math A Bridge To Success Algebra 1: Stu...AlgebraISBN:9781680331141Author:HOUGHTON MIFFLIN HARCOURTPublisher:Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
Glencoe Algebra 1, Student Edition, 9780079039897...AlgebraISBN:9780079039897Author:CarterPublisher:McGraw Hill
College Algebra (MindTap Course List)AlgebraISBN:9781305652231Author:R. David Gustafson, Jeff HughesPublisher:Cengage Learning
Big Ideas Math A Bridge To Success Algebra 1: Stu...
Algebra
ISBN:9781680331141
Author:HOUGHTON MIFFLIN HARCOURT
Publisher:Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
Glencoe Algebra 1, Student Edition, 9780079039897...
Algebra
ISBN:9780079039897
Author:Carter
Publisher:McGraw Hill
College Algebra (MindTap Course List)
Algebra
ISBN:9781305652231
Author:R. David Gustafson, Jeff Hughes
Publisher:Cengage Learning
what is Research Design, Research Design Types, and Research Design Methods; Author: Educational Hub;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LpmGSioXxdo;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY