Campbell Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780135188743
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 52.3, Problem 1CC
Why are phytoplankton, and not benthic algae or rooted aquatic plants, the dominant photosynthetic organisms of the oceanic pelagic zone? (See Figure 52.15.)
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Why are phytoplankton, and not benthic algae or rooted aquatic plants, the dominant photosynthetic organisms of the oceanic pelagic zone?
The unicellular cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus sp. is the most abundant photosynthetic microbe in tropical and subtropical oceans. At least two ecotypes exist: one is adapted to high light and the other to lower light intensities. How does the presence of these two ecotypes contribute to their physiological success and their numerical success? How would you determine the amount of fixed carbon they contribute to these open-ocean ecosystems?
Which of these statements describes an accurate model for how carbon dioxide and oxygen levels change within the ocean over time? Choose two answers that apply.
A) eutrophication of the ocean leads to an increase in dissolved oxygen.
B) photosynthesis by the phytoplankton increase the oxygen concentration of the ocean.
C) decomposition of dead organic matter decreases the oxygen concentration in the ocean.
D) cellular respiration by primary consumers increases the oxygen concentration in the ocean
E) anaerobic respiration at the ocean floor decreases the carbon dioxide levels in the ocean
Chapter 52 Solutions
Campbell Biology
Ch. 52.1 - Explain how the sun's unequal heating of Earth's...Ch. 52.1 - What are some of the differences in microclimate...Ch. 52.1 - WHAT IF? Changes in Earth's climate at the end of...Ch. 52.1 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Focusing just on the effects of...Ch. 52.2 - Based on the climograph in Figure 52.10, what...Ch. 52.2 - Using Figure 52.12, identify the natural biome in...Ch. 52.2 - WHAT IF? If global warming increases average...Ch. 52.3 - Why are phytoplankton, and not benthic algae or...Ch. 52.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 52.3 - MAKE CONNECTIONS As noted in Figure 52.15, the...
Ch. 52.4 - Give examples of human actions that could expand a...Ch. 52.4 - WHAT IF? You suspect that deer are restricting...Ch. 52.4 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Hawaiian silverswords under-went...Ch. 52.5 - Describe a scenario showing how ecological change...Ch. 52.5 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Commercial fisheries target...Ch. 52 - Suppose global air circulation suddenly reversed,...Ch. 52 - Prob. 52.2CRCh. 52 - Prob. 52.3CRCh. 52 - Interactions between organisms and the environment...Ch. 52 - Suppose humans introduced a species to a new...Ch. 52 - Level 1: Knowledge/Comprehension 1. Which of the...Ch. 52 - Which lake zone would be absent in a very shallow...Ch. 52 - Which of the following is characteristic of most...Ch. 52 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 52 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 52 - When climbing a mountain, we can observe...Ch. 52 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 52 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 52 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 52 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION Discuss how the distribution...Ch. 52 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY Jens Clausen and colleagues, at...Ch. 52 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: INTERACTIONS Global warming...Ch. 52 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE If you were to hike up...
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- The deep scattering layer is created by which of these: a) seasonal changes in the thermocline O b) mesopelagic nekton O c) abyssopelagic plankton O d) phytoplankton bloomsarrow_forwardRed algae are considered an important keystone species in the marine environment. Explain why.arrow_forwardWhich among A-D is not a step in the eutrophication process? A) O rapid growth of algae and cyanobacteria B) O influx of excess nutrients to an aquatic environment, particularly nitrogen and phosphorous C) O heterotrophic, aerobic respiration D) O eventual increase in the numbers of fish and other aquatic life due to the rise m oxygen concentration of the water E) OA-D are all a part of eutrophicationarrow_forward
- 4. Energy is always transferred from a. autotrophs to heterotrophs b. heterotrophs to autotrophs c._ autotrophs to decomposersarrow_forwardThe graphs show how the cloudiness of the water at two different sites varied over a period of one year. Site A had a low nitrate concentration. Site B had a high nitrate concentration. (i) Describe and explain the effect of increased nitrate concentration on algal growth. (ii) Algae do not live long. Explain why the presence of large numbers of algae results in a fall in the amount of oxygen dissolved in the water. (iii) There are very few submerged water plants at Site B. Use (iii) the graphs to suggest how placing a speed limit on boats might allow submerged water plants to become re-established at Site B.arrow_forwardList some metabolic strategies that have evolved to enable microbial survival in oligotrophic marine habitats. Which do you think is most successful in terms of numbers of microbes and metabolic flexibility? Explain your answerarrow_forward
- Every type of organism in the upper ocean contributes to both recycling of organic matter and sinking of organic matter. Briefly describe 2 interactions between organisms that result in both the recycling and sinking of organic matter. a) Interaction 1: - Brief description of how this interaction results in both the recycling of organic matter in the upper ocean and the sinking of organic matter: b) Interaction 2: - Brief description of how this interaction results in both the recycling of organic matter in the upper ocean and the sinking of organic matter:.arrow_forwardFigure 44.21 In which of the following regions would you expect to find photosynthetic organisms? the aphotic zone, the meritic zone, the oceanic zone, and the benthic realm the photic zone, the intertidal zone, the meritic zone, and the oceanic zone the photic zone, the abyssal zone, the meritic zone, and the oceanic zone the pelagic realm. the aphotic zone, the meritic zone, and the oceanic zonearrow_forwardClimate change and global warming patterns have caused ocean temperatures to increase over the last 50 years. How would the researchers algae farm help fight climate change? What would be the advantage of the algae farm beyond the production of biofuel?arrow_forward
- State whether the following is True or False of the process of eutrophication from the overuse of fertilizers. Group of answer choices Eutrophication often starts with stimulating algal growth [ Choose ] TRUE FALSE Eutrophication results in loss of dissolved oxygen from the process of photosynthesis [ Choose ] TRUE FALSE It is the decomposition of algae after algal blooms that lead to bacterial growth causing a loss of oxygen [ Choose ] TRUE FALSE Eutrophication is a natural process and can occur in the absence of fertilizers [ Choose ] TRUE FALSEarrow_forward1. Question 1 is based on Figure 1 below. Sunlight co2 in the atmosphere Photosynthesis by producers Plant respiration Animal respiration Carbon fixation by consumers Fossils and fossil fuels Figure 1. Carbon cycle. a) Name the process in "a" and any TWO (2) of the organisms involved. b) Briefly explain how does the proses in "a" contribute to the carbon cycle. c) How does "b" affect the environment in a negative way?arrow_forwardThe pelagic zone of the ocean is the area of the ocean that is neither close to the bottom nor close to land. There are a wide variety of organisms that inhabit the pelagic zone. Phytoplankton float along the surface, using photosynthesis to produce food. Zooplankton are tiny organisms that float in the surface waters and feed on the abundant phytoplankton. Krill, small crustaceans, also feed on phytoplankton. They display vertical migration in which they swim at deeper depths during the day and then come up to the surface waters at night to eat. What is the relationship between zooplankton and krill? a) Symbiosis b) Competition c) Parasitism d) Commensalism e) Mutualismarrow_forward
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