Campbell Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780135188743
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 51.3, Problem 1CC
MAKE CONNECTIONS Ø Balancing selection can maintain variation at a locus (see Concept 23.4). Based on the foraging experiments described in this chapter, devise a simple hypothesis to explain the presence of both forR and forS alleles in natural fly populations.
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MAKE CONNECTIONS Balancing selection can maintain variation at a locus (see Concept 23.4). Based on theforaging experiments described in this chapter, devise asimple hypothesis to explain the presence of both for Rand forsalleles in natural fly populations
> Within a certain population, there are exactly 2 alleles at the T locus: T and t. Among the
entire population, 30% of the alleles are T. If this population is in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, what
proportions (or percentages, however, you want to express it) will be TT, Tt, and tt? Show work.
In a population, there are 75 TT individuals, 25 Tt individuals, and 250 tt individuals.
What are the frequencies of T and t? Show work.
What are the "expected" numbers of each genotype? Show work.
Ís this population in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium? (don't do Chi², just compare your answer in
a)
b)
c)
part b io actual and it should be obvious.)
) Assume that, in a population of deer, two alleles exist for eye color. BB deer have blue eyes,
Bb deer have purple eyes, and bb deer have red eyes. Out of a population of 1000 deer, 490 have blue
eyes. You took notes on the amount of red and purple eyed deer, but your notebook fell in the mud and
those numbers are obscured. However, if the population is in…
VISUAL SKILLS Consider a population in which heterozygotes at a certain locus have an extreme phenotype(such as being larger than homozygotes) that confersa selective advantage. Compare this description to themodels of selection modes shown in Figure 23.13. Doesthis situation represent directional, disruptive, or stabilizing selection? Explain your answer.
Chapter 51 Solutions
Campbell Biology
Ch. 51.1 - WHAT IF? Suppose you exposed various fish species...Ch. 51.1 - MAKE CONNECTIONS How is the lunar-linked rhythm...Ch. 51.1 - How might associative learning explain why...Ch. 51.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 51.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 51.2 - Why does the mode of fertilization correlate with...Ch. 51.3 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Balancing selection can maintain...Ch. 51.3 - WHAT IF? Suppose an infection in a common...Ch. 51.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 51.4 - Prob. 1CC
Ch. 51.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 51.4 - How is migration based on circannual rhythms...Ch. 51 - Prob. 51.1CRCh. 51 - In some spider species, the female eats the male...Ch. 51 - Prob. 51.3CRCh. 51 - Prob. 51.4CRCh. 51 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 51 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 51 - Female spotted sandpipers aggressively court males...Ch. 51 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 51 - Although many chimpanzees live in environments...Ch. 51 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 51 - Level 3: Synthesis/Evaluation 7. DRAW IT You are...Ch. 51 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION We often explain our behavior...Ch. 51 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY Scientists studying scrub jays...Ch. 51 - SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY Researchers are...Ch. 51 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: INFORMATION Learning is...Ch. 51 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE Acorn woodpeckers...
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- Explain how natural selection might be responsible for the PTC taster polymorphism.Why might some populations have a higher frequency of the taster allele than others?arrow_forwardAccording to Hamilton's Rule, in which scenario is selection for cooperative breeding expected to be the strongest? but lose the chance to have Helpers raise and increase the survival and reproduction of of their own offspring. O 100 additional 2nd cousins twice removed to whom they are 0.00781 (0.781%) genetically related; 2 of their own offspring. 60 additional 1st cousins once-removed to whom they are 0.0625 (6.25%) genetically related; 1 of their own offspring. O 50 additional grandnieces/nephews to whom they are 0.125 (12.5%) genetically related; 2 of their own offspring. None of the three scenarios are likely to result in the evolution of cooperative breeding according to Hamilton's Rule.arrow_forwardwhich of thee following statement is false 1) the antagonistic pleiotropy hypothesis is used to explain why evolving to live longer is often beneficial to oneâ s fitness 2)Ribozyme is class of molecule that is made of RNAs (thus "ribo" in its name) and amino acids (thus "zyme" in its name). 3)In human population, males are in general larger than females. This observation can be seen as an example of sexual dimorphism.arrow_forward
- Tongue rolling ability is conferred by the presence of a dominant R allele. Nonrollers are genotype rr. A class of GN 311 students consists of 289 rollers and 29 nonrollers. Assume that this population is at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for this locus. P What is the frequency of the R allele? What is the frequency of the r allele? • How many people in the class are expected to be heterozygous for this locus?arrow_forwardIn this version of the simulation (500 population size; 500 carrying capacity), all fish are equally likely (though not 100% likely) to survive and reproduce. There are no mutations, nor are there any entering or leaving the population. When they reproduce, they choose a mate from the pool at random and produce ten offspring by chance with the probability of the offspring’s genotypes determined by the punnett square. What caused the allele frequencies to change and vary in the trials? (ex attached).arrow_forwardFor these experiments assume allele A = red, allele a = white . There are three flower colors (phenotypes and genotypes) for this species where AA=red, Aa = pink, aa = white. • A population of Four O-Clocks is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and no evolutionary forces are acting on the population. Bees are introduced into the population. Individual bees only visit a single color of flower so that red flowers only mate with red flowers, pink with pink, and white with white. What will happen to the genotype frequencies in the next generation? O The proportion of reds and whites will increase over pinks. O The population will remain in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. O The proportion of pinks will increase over reds and whites. The proportion of reds will increase over pinks and whites.arrow_forward
- For these experiment assume allele A = red, allele a = white . There are three flower colors (phenotypes and genotypes) for this species where AA=red, Aa = pink, aa = white. • A population of Four O-Clocks is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and no evolutionary forces are acting on the population. Bees are introduced into the population. Individual bees only visit a single color of flower so that red flowers only mate with red flowers, pink with pink, and white with white. Assume you start out with a population where the frequency of the A allele is 0.2 and the population is initially in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium. What would the frequency of the Aa genotype be in the the next generation where positive assortative mating is 100% (i.e. there is no random mating)?arrow_forwardFor these experiment assume allele A = red, allele a = white . There are three flower colors (phenotypes and genotypes) for this species where AA=red, Aa = pink, aa = white. • A population of Four O-Clocks is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and no evolutionary forces are acting on the population. Bees are introduced into the population. Individual bees only visit a single color of flower so that red flowers only mate with red flowers, pink with pink, and white with white. The simulator we have been using doesn't have "positive assortative mating" as an option, but if it did (in addition to the other parameters) which parameters should be changed to model this problem? Select all that need to be changed. O Selection O Migration O Mutation O Finite Population (i.e. population size) O Assortative Matingarrow_forwardFor these experiment assume allele A = red, allele a = white . There are three flower colors (phenotypes and genotypes) for this species where AA=red, Aa = pink, aa = white. • A population of Four O-Clocks is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and no evolutionary forces are acting on the population. Bees are introduced into the population. Individual bees only visit a single color of flower so that red flowers only mate with red flowers, pink with pink, and white with white. What will happen to the allele frequency in the next generation? O The frequency of the a allele will increase O The frequency of the A allele will increase O The allele frequencies will stay the same.arrow_forward
- 12. The fitness for a particular species of bats is determined by a single gene locus with two segregating alleles, (E) and (e), that determines echo-location ability. The dominant allele E causes normal echo-location, whereas the recessive allele e impairs echo-location ability. You are studying a large population and determine initial frequencies of the E and e alleles to be 0.7 (p) and 0.3 (q), respectively. Assume genotypes are in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Given the following average offspring numbers, determine the effects of natural selection on the allele frequencies after one generation (what are the new frequencies of p and q?). Genotype Average # Offspring EE 10 Ee 10 ee 6. 5. Genes A B an hiognthotic nathwaye!arrow_forwardO Mutation-selection balance Suppose that one allele A₁ mutates to another allele A2 at some rate, μ. Suppose as well that A₁ is dominant over A2 such that A₁A1 and A₁A2 both have the same fitness, but that individuals that are homozygous recessive (A2A2) for the mutant allele A2 are less fit than the dominant genotype by some amount s, the selection coefficient. In this case, A2 mutant alleles come into the population at rate µ, and are removed from the population only when the show up in homozygous genotypes. The gory mathematical proof can be found in Box 7.8, which tells us that: O ■ Example: Suppose A₁ mutates to A2 at rate 0.005, but A₂A2 homozygous recessives are 50% less fit (s = 0.5) than either A₁A1 or A₁A2. What are the expected equilibrial abundances of A₁ and A2? μ = 0.005 S = 0.5 p* = 1-sqrt(µ/s) = 1-sqrt(0.005/0.5) = 0.9 = sqrt(µ/s) = sqrt(0.005/0.5) = 0.1 ● * p = = 1-sqrt(µ/s) q* = sqrt(μ/s) ● Question: Suppose A₁ mutates to A2 at rate 0.01, but A₂A2 homozygous…arrow_forwardThe ratio of nonsynonymous differences pernonsynonymous site, dN, to synonymous differences per synonymous site, dS, can be usedto test for positive selection Imagine that in a duplicate pair of loci, oneparalog is evolving neutrally while the other isevolving under strong positive selection. Whatspecific data are needed to detect that situationusing the dN/dS ratio, and what pattern do youexpect to see?arrow_forward
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