Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134813448
Author: Audesirk, Teresa, Gerald, Byers, Bruce E.
Publisher: Pearson,
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Chapter 5.1, Problem 1CSC
Vicious Venoms
Some of the most devastating effects of certain snake and spider venoms occur because they contain phospholipids, enzymes that break down phospholipids. You now know that phospholipids are a major component of cell membranes, which isolate the cell’s contents from its surroundings. As the phospholipids degrade, the membranes become leaky, causing the cells to die.
As if phospholipids aren't deadly enough, snake venoms also contain enzymes that break down proteins. What functions do membrane proteins serve?
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Osmosis
Water moving by diffusion across a membrane is called osmosis. Remember, diffusion is the
movement of molecules from a high concentration to a lower concentration, in order to reach
equilibrium. In the image below, the diamonds represent water and the circles represent
solutes. Water will move by osmosis from the side with a higher concentration of water to a
side with a lower concentration of water. In other words, water will move by osmosis from the
side with a lower concentration of solute to the side with a higher concentration of solute.
Water is attracted to solutes.
2. Use the following diagram to answer the questions below. Start by filling in the blanks for the
missing % concentrations for beakers B and C.
150ml
100
Beaker A
0% Sugar
100% Water
a) What is the solute concentration of:
O Beaker A?
O Beaker B?
150ml
100
Beaker B
% Sugar
90% Water
b) What is the solvent concentration of Beaker C?
150ml
100
Beaker C
40% Sugar
% Water
When we think about solutions in human…
The cells of plant seeds store oils in the form of droplets enclosed by membranes. Unlike the membranes you learned about in this chapter, the oil droplet membrane consists of a single layer of phospholipids rather than a bilayer. Draw a model for a membrane around an oil droplet. Explain why this arrangement is more stable than a bilayer.
Which of the following is a true statement?
Sphingolipids contain 2 hydrophobic, acyl chains
Phospholipids contain 3 hydrophobic acyl chains
Sphingolipids are completely no-polar, hydrophobic molecules
The different types of phospholipids do not have different physical properties when in the membrane
Chapter 5 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 5.1 - Vicious Venoms Some of the most devastating...Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 1TCCh. 5.1 - Prob. 2CSCCh. 5.1 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 5.1 - diagram and describe the fluid mosaic model of...Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 5.2 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 5.2 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 5.3 - What is likely to have happened If, instead of...Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 1HYEW
Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 2TCCh. 5.3 - If a plant cell is placed in water containing no...Ch. 5.3 - Would a cell over use active transport to move...Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 5TCCh. 5.3 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 5.3 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 5.3 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 5.3 - Prob. 6TCCh. 5 - Animal cells are surrounded by________ fluid is...Ch. 5 - Which of the following cannot enter a cell by...Ch. 5 - Prob. 3MCCh. 5 - Prob. 4MCCh. 5 - Prob. 5MCCh. 5 - Prob. 1FIBCh. 5 - A membrane that is permeable to some substances...Ch. 5 - Prob. 3FIBCh. 5 - After each molecule, place the two-word term that...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 5 - Prob. 1RQCh. 5 - Prob. 2RQCh. 5 - What are the five categories of proteins commonly...Ch. 5 - Prob. 4RQCh. 5 - Define hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic. What...Ch. 5 - Describe the following types of transport...Ch. 5 - Prob. 7RQCh. 5 - Prob. 8RQCh. 5 - Prob. 1ACCh. 5 - Predict and sketch the configuration that ten...
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- The diagram below illustrates the molecular structure of the cell membrane. The phospholipid bilayer of a cell membrane A B polar group с phosphate glycerol Which of the following is false about the way in which the cell membrane maintains its structure? D water water The different components of an individual phospholipid are held by covalent bonds. The attraction between the individual lipid tails inside the cell membrane is maintained by van der Waals forces. The attraction between the phosphate groups and the water molecules inside and out. side of the cell is maintained by hydrogen bonds. The bonds between the individual phospholipids that make up the cell membrane are connected by covalent bonds.arrow_forwardphospholipid bilayer O protein 10 O cholesterol n protein cholesterol Using the diagram above, which component of this membrane contains a hydrophobic region and acts as the primary barrier to most foreign substances" carbohydrate chain carbohydrate chain Ophospholipid bilayerarrow_forwardPhospholipid tails can be saturated or unsaturated (Chapter 2).This is true of phospholipids in plasma membranes as well. Which type—saturated or unsaturated— would make the membrane more fluid? Why?arrow_forward
- Kate and Lisa discuss the phospholipid cell membrane. What causes the phospholipid molecules to orient themselves the way they do in the bilayer? O Enzymes arrange the phospholipid molecules in a bilayer to maximize their energy. O The polar phospholipid tails interact with water while the nonpolar phospholipid heads avoid water. O It follows the "like repels like" rule. The polar phospholipid heads interact with water while the nonpolar phospholipid tails avoid water. O The entire phospholipid molecule is nonpolar and avoids water. O The entire phospholipid molecule is hydrophilic.arrow_forwardIndigenous populations of Southern Africa have traditionally eaten a spiny succulent plant called Hoodia gordonii to supress appetite when making long hunting trips across the Kalahari Desert. Weight-loss researchers in the US have marketed the active ingredient in this endangered plant , a steroid, as a spray gel which they claim is directly absorbed through the skin. Using what you know about how molecules move across phospholipid bilayers, do you think this drug can be absorbed this way? O Yes, small hydrophilic molecules can pass through the phospholipid bilayer. O No, hydrophobic molecules get caught in the hydrophobic center of the phospholipid bilayer. O Yes, small hydrophobic molecules pass through the phospholipid bilayer. O No, only natural molecules normally found in the body can pass through the phopholipid bilayer.arrow_forwardCholesterol is an integral part of plasma membranes. Based on its structure and characteristics, where is it found in the membrane? O on the extracellular surface Owithin the tail portion of the bilayer O attached to the intracellular surface O embedded with the phospholipid heads Previous Page Page 3 of 7arrow_forward
- The composition of a cell membrane is not uniform for all types of cells.Some cell membranes are more rigid than others. Rigidity is determinedby a variety of factors, one of which is the structure of the carbon chains in the phospholipids that comprise the membrane. One example of aphospholipid was drawn, and another, having C–C double bonds in its carbon chains, is drawn here. Which phospholipid would be present in the more rigid cell membrane and why?arrow_forwardDiscuss the permeability of the phospholipid bilayer to the molecules and ions listed below. Is the bilayer freely permeable, somewhat permeable, or impermeable to each of these? 1. OH- 2. H* 3. 0₂ 4. C6H12O6 5. H₂O 6. CO₂ Which is not a major function of the protein in cell membranes? They are important for membrane transport They are important for cell-to-cell joining They function as enzymes They regulate membrane fluidity Which is not true about cell membranes? They frequently flip-flop from one side of the membrane to the other - They can move freely within one side of the bilayer Fatty acid tails of phospholipids form the membrane interior The interior of the bilayer is hydrophoicarrow_forwardA phospholipid ________. has both polar and nonpolar regions is made up of a triglyceride bonded to a phosphate group is a building block of ATP can donate both cations and anions in solutionarrow_forward
- Cell membranes consists mainly of ________ and ________ . a. lipids; carbohydrates c. lipids; phospholipids b. phospholipids; protein d. phospholipids; ECMarrow_forwardThe tails of the phospholipids of the plasma membrane are composed of _____ and are _____? a. phosphate groups; hydrophobic b. fatty acid groups; hydrophilic c. phosphate groups; hydrophilic d. fatty acid groups; hydrophobicarrow_forwardin your own words, describe what would haooeb to the phospholipids f the plasma membrane in animals cells if cholesterol was not rpesent and the cell was expoed to extremely low temperatures?arrow_forward
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