Organic Chemistry (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780321971371
Author: Leroy G. Wade, Jan W. Simek
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 4.7, Problem 4.9P
- a. Propose a mechanism for the free radical chlorination or ethane,
CH3—CH3 + Cl2
CH3—CH2Cl + HC1
- b. Calculate ∆H° for each step in this reaction.
- c. Calculate the overall value of ∆H° for this reaction.
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Use the following reactions to answer the next two questions.
4PbO (s) → 4Pb (s) + 2O2 (g) ∆H° = 876 kJ
C (s) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g) ∆H° = -394 kJ
3PbCO3 (s) → 3PbO (s) + 3CO2 (g) ∆H° = 258 kJ
A)
Calculate ∆H° for the reaction:
2PbCO3 (s) → 2Pb (s) + 2C (s) + 3O2 (g)
B)Calculate the enthalpy change, ∆H° (in kJ) that is involved in the production of 2.50 gram of solid carbon
Calculate ∆H for the reaction 4NH3 (g) + 5O2 (g) → 4NO (g) + 6H2O (g), from the following data.1.N2 (g) + O2 (g) → 2NO (g) ∆H = -180.5 kJ2.N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) → 2 NH3 (g) ∆H = -91.8 kJ3.2H2 (g) + O2 (g) → 2H2O (g) ∆H = -483.6 kJ
Use the average bond energies to calculate the ∆H of the reaction:
4H--Cl + O2 → 2H—O—H + 2 Cl—Cl
Data:
∆H (H-Cl) = 431 kj/mol
∆H (O-H) = 463 kj/mol
∆H (O2) = 494 kj/mol
∆H (Cl-Cl) = 243 kj/mol
Chapter 4 Solutions
Organic Chemistry (9th Edition)
Ch. 4.3A - Draw Lewis structures for the following free...Ch. 4.3B - a. Write the propagation steps leading to the...Ch. 4.3C - Prob. 4.3PCh. 4.3C - Prob. 4.4PCh. 4.4 - The following reaction has a value of G =...Ch. 4.4 - Under base-catalyzed conditions two molecules of...Ch. 4.5B - When ethene is mixed with hydrogen in the presence...Ch. 4.5B - For each reaction, estimate whether S for the...Ch. 4.7 - a. Propose a mechanism for the free radical...Ch. 4.7 - a. Using bond-dissociation enthalpies from...
Ch. 4.8 - The reaction of tert-butyl chloride with methanol...Ch. 4.8 - Under certain conditions, the bromination of...Ch. 4.8 - When a small piece of plat num is added to a...Ch. 4.10 - Prob. 4.14PCh. 4.10 - Prob. 4.15PCh. 4.12 - The bromination of methane proceeds through the...Ch. 4.12 - a. Using me BDEs in Table4-2 (page 167 ), compute...Ch. 4.13A - What would be the product ratio in the...Ch. 4.13A - Classify each hydrogen atom in the following...Ch. 4.13B - Use the bond-dissociation enthalpies in Tabte4-2...Ch. 4.13B - Prob. 4.21PCh. 4.13B - Prob. 4.22PCh. 4.14 - a. Compute the heats of reaction for abstraction...Ch. 4.14 - 2,3-Dimethylbutane reacts with bromine in the...Ch. 4.14 - Prob. 4.25PCh. 4.15 - Prob. 4.26PCh. 4.15 - Prob. 4.27PCh. 4.16A - Prob. 4.28PCh. 4.16A - Prob. 4.29PCh. 4.16B - Prob. 4.30PCh. 4.16C - Prob. 4.31PCh. 4.16C - Acetonitrile (CH3C N) is deprotonated by very...Ch. 4.16D - Prob. 4.33PCh. 4 - The following reaction is a common synthesis used...Ch. 4 - Consider the following reaction-energy diagram. a....Ch. 4 - Draw a reaction-energy diagram for a one-step...Ch. 4 - Draw a reaction-energy diagram for a two-step...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.38SPCh. 4 - Treatment of tert-butyl alcohol with concentrated...Ch. 4 - Label each hydrogen atom in the following...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.41SPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.42SPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.43SPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.44SPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.45SPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.46SPCh. 4 - For each compound, predict the major product of...Ch. 4 - When exactly 1 mole of methane is mixed with...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.49SPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.50SPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.51SPCh. 4 - When dichloromethane is treated with strong NaOH,...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.53SPCh. 4 - When a small amount of iodine is added to a...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.55SPCh. 4 - When healthy, Earths stratosphere contains a low...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.57SPCh. 4 - lodination of alkanes using iodine (I2) is usually...
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- 1. What is the importance of heat of reaction in the laboratory? 2. Cite some factors that could possibly affect the ∆H in the experiment of heat of reaction.arrow_forwardCalculate the overall value of ∆H° for this reaction. CH3¬CH3 + Cl2 ¡hv CH3¬CH2Cl + HClarrow_forwardConsider the following reactions. NiSO3(s) →NiO (s) + SO2 (g) ∆H= 162.0 kJ SO2 (g) → 1/8 S8(s) + O2 (g) ∆H= 290.0 kJ 2Ni (s) + O2 (g) → 2NiO (s) ∆H= -478.0 kJ A) Calculate ∆H (in kJ) for the reaction. 8Ni (s) + S8(s) + 12O2 (g) →8NiSO3 (s) B) Calculate ∆H (in kJ) for the decomposition reaction of 2.00 g of NiSO3(s) according to the reaction. 8NiSO3 (s)→ 8Ni (s) + S8(s) + 12O2 (g) C) Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) was at one time used as a fire-extinguishing agent. The molar heat capacity is 131.3 J/(mol°C). Calculate the amount of energy in kJ required to raise the temperature of 22.0 g of CCl4 from 22.0 °C to 66.0 °C.arrow_forward
- A.) For pentane, the ∆H° of vaporization is 26.22 kJ/mol and the ∆S° of vaporization is 87.88 J/mol･K. At 1.00 atm and 201 K, what is the ∆G° of vaporization for pentane, in kJ/mol? B.)What is S° for B in the reaction 5 A → 4 B if ∆S°(rxn) =-194.4 J/mol ･ K? [S° (A) = (220.0 J/mol ･K)]arrow_forwardFrom the following enthalpies of reaction: H2 (g) +F2 (g) → 2HF (g) ∆H = −537 kJ C (s) + 2F2 (g) →CF4 (g) ∆H = −680 kJ 2C (s) + 2H2 (g) → C2H4 (g) ∆H = +52.3 kJ calculate ∆H for the reaction of ethylene with F2: C2H4 (g) + 6F2 (g) → 2CF4 (g) + 4HF (g)arrow_forward50 Calculate the ∆0H when 1 mole of methyl alcohol,CH3OH reacts with O2 and the product of reactions is CO2 and H2O. Hint: Create a chemical balance equation first Data : ∆oHf CH3OH = -238.8 Kj/mol ∆oHf CO2 = -393.5Kj/mol ∆oHf H2O = -285.9 Kj/mol Select one: a. -746.1 J b. -546.1J c. -646.1 J d. -846.1 Jarrow_forward
- What is the change in enthalpy (∆H) for a chemical reaction?How is ∆H different from ∆E?arrow_forwardCalculate ∆H for the reaction:2H2(g) + 2C (s) + O2(g) → C2H5OH (l) Using the following: ∆HC2H5OH (l) + 2O2(g) → 2CO2(g) + 2H2O (l) -875 kJ C (s) + O2(g) → CO2(g) -394.5 kJ H2(g) + 1⁄2 O2(g) → H2O (l) - 285.8 kJarrow_forwardCl₂ is a stable diatomic molecule. It can be decomposed to form two Cl atoms as shown below. Cl₂ → 2Cl(g) Predict the change in enthalpy (∆H) of this reaction. A) ∆H is (-); endothermic B) ∆H is (+); endothermic C) ∆H is (-); exothermic D) ∆H is (+); exothermic E) ∆H = 0; thermoneutralarrow_forward
- For the gas phase reaction Cl(g) + HBr(g) → HCl(g) + Br(g), Ea(fwd) = 7 kJ and Ea(rev)= 72 kJ. Draw a reaction energy diagram; include a predicted structure for the transition state and the value of ∆Hrxn.arrow_forwardO(g) +e- O-(g) ∆Ho= -142 kJmol-1 O+2e- O2-(g) ∆Ho= + 712 kJ mol-1Calculate ∆Hofor the reaction : O- + e- O2-(g) .arrow_forwardA 0.582-g sample of Mg reacts with excess 1.0 M HCl (60.0 mL) according to the procedure used in this experiment. The initial and final temperatures were 24°C and 68°C. What is the ∆H of the reaction per mole of magnesium? Assume that the specific heat capacity for the solution is 4.187 J/oC∙g and that the density of the 1.0 M HCl is 1.00 g/mL. (Hints: the magnesium contributes to the mass of the solution; take care with your sig figs.) (answer: - 4.7 × 102 kJ/mol)Show your solution to this problem in the space below. It is your solution which will be graded.arrow_forward
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