Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 44.5, Problem 1BC
In these two food chains, plants and protists(phytoplankton) are the producers. Refer back to Section 23.4. Whatother organisms are producers and could also support food chains?
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Students have asked these similar questions
In the trophic structure, autotrophs are living organisms that:
Are at the top of the chain, referred to as tertiary producers.
Photosynthetic organisms that produce their own energy
Organisms that receive their energy by consuming producers such as plants
Help to decompose the remains of dead organisms
can someone please help me to answer questions a-b
thank you
1In a trophic pyramid, each level is smaller than the one below.
a) What does the size of each level represent?
b) How much energy is transferred from level to level?
c) Explain why the levels get smaller as the trophic pyramid goes up.
Design a logical food-web model of the living things in a typical deciduous forest. Producers should form the bottom of the web, with primary consumers and secondary consumers in the middle of the web, and tertiary consumers at the top of the web. Detritivores can be found throughout the web. Draw lines between the organisms that directly interact with each other. Organisms may have more than one line drawn from them or to them. In your model, include the sun, and illustrate how heat is lost as energy transfers from one trophic level to the next.
Producers:
maple tree
dogwood tree
spicebush (flowering shrub)
Jack-in-the-pulpit (flower)
Primary Consumers:
spicebush swallowtail butterfly
honeybee
carpenter ant
Secondary Consumers:
woodpecker
garter snake
flycatcher (inset-eating bird)
Tertiary Consumers:
falcon
screech owl
bobcat
Detritivores:
bacteria
earthworms
flies
fungi
Chapter 44 Solutions
Principles of Biology
Ch. 44.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 44.1 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 44.1 - Lake Baikal in Siberia is an ancient, unglaciated...Ch. 44.1 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 44.2 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 44.2 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 44.3 - Why might ecologists think of walking thecoastline...Ch. 44.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 44.3 - Which of the following are examples of secondary...Ch. 44.3 - In New England salt marshes, Spartina grass...
Ch. 44.3 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 44.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 44.4 - Prob. 1BCCh. 44.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 44.4 - Which is part of the original MacArthur-Wilson...Ch. 44.4 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 44.5 - In these two food chains, plants and...Ch. 44.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 44.5 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 44.5 - Detritivores that feed on the dung of herbivores...Ch. 44.5 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 44.6 - Net primary production is the energy that passes...Ch. 44.6 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 44.6 - Most gross primary production is used in (by)...Ch. 44 - Prob. 1TYCh. 44 - Prob. 2TYCh. 44 - Prob. 3TYCh. 44 - Prob. 4TYCh. 44 - On which types of islands would you expect species...Ch. 44 - Prob. 6TYCh. 44 - Autotrophic organisms are primary consumers....Ch. 44 - Prob. 8TYCh. 44 - Prob. 9TYCh. 44 - The most highly productive terrestrial ecosystems...Ch. 44 - Prob. 1CCQCh. 44 - Prob. 2CCQCh. 44 - Prob. 3CCQCh. 44 - List some possible ecological disturbances, their...Ch. 44 - Prob. 2CBQ
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- In the ecological study of food interactions how are the autotrophic beings called?arrow_forwardThe abiotic environment is ?arrow_forwardWhich of the following is not an abiotic factor in an ecosystem? A) Available light B) Temperature Water availability Number of organisms in a populationarrow_forward
- Which of the following statements BEST describes energy transfer in an ecosystem? A. If the primary producer has 175,000 kcal available, the secondary consumer will receive 17,500 kcal from the primary consumer. B. If the primary consumer has 175,000 kcal available, the secondary consumer will receive 17,500 kcal from the primary consumer. C. If the primary consumer has 175,000 kcal available, the tertiary consumer will receive 175 kcal from the secondary consumer. D. If the primary producer has 175,000 kcal available, the tertiary consumer will receive 17,500 kcal from the secondary consumer.arrow_forwardWhich is/are the abiotic components of an ecosystem? 1.Soil 2.Protein 3.Carbon 4.All of the abovearrow_forwardWhich are the organisms in one of the food chains in this food web? Who is the producer in the food chain you circled? explain why the hawk in this food web is a trophic omnivore even though it does not eat both plants and animals.arrow_forward
- Some ecologists argue that “there is no true form of commensalism.” Define commensalism and give an example of it in nature. Do you agree this statement? Defend your argument. (17.6)arrow_forwarda) Each trophic level, on average, will move 10% of the energy tied up in molecules to the next trophic level. How much of the energy from the sun is actually brought in to the first trophic level? b) When the producers convert energy and tie it up in the first trophic level, it is brought in as heat. True or false? c) Which of the following are true about ecosystems? Check all that apply. They contain both living and nonliving components.They contain both living and nonliving components. There is a transfer of energy through the system and some energy is lost as heat energy.There is a transfer of energy through the system and some energy is lost as heat energy. Nutrients repeatedly cycle through the ecosystem.Nutrients repeatedly cycle through the ecosystem. They represent the lowest level of biological organization.They represent the lowest level of biological organization. The ultimate source of energy for most ecosystems is organic molecules.arrow_forwardWhich food chain represents the relationship between the organisms?arrow_forward
- In an ecosystem with four levels producers, primary consumers, and two higher-level consumers describe where the decomposers operate within the context of these trophic levels. Can you give me two examples?arrow_forwardYou will be examining the relationship among organisms inhabiting a small lake. Examine the “Lake Inhabitants” sheet for information about the organisms found in the lake. What biotic and abiotic factors will affect the aquatic plants in the lake? What biotic and abiotic factors will affect the bluegill in the lake? Looking at the organisms associated with the lake, organize them into three trophic groups: producers, consumers, and decomposers. Separate the consumers into three subcategories: herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores. Create 3 different food chains found within the lake. Food chain #1 should contain 3 organisms, food chain #2 should contain 4 organisms, and food chain # 3 should contain 5 organisms. The arrows should point in the direction the energy is flowing through the food chain. You can either use the “>” as your arrow or the Insert Symbol function to insert an arrow into your food chains. As the energy flows through each trophic…arrow_forwardFour common relationships between organisms are listed in the box. 1. Bees pollinate plants as they move from flower to flower gathering nectar. 2. Green algae grow on the backs of spider crabs living in shallow water, camouflaging the spider crabs while the crabs protect the algae from predators. 3. Fleas live on the skin of dogs and obtain nutrients from the dogs' blood. 4. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria obtain nutrients from their host plants and use the nutrients to supply nitrogen to the plants. Which statements best describe these relationships? O Relationships 1 and 4 are examples of mutualism. Relationship 2 is an example of con sm. Relationship 3 is example of parasitism. nensa O Relationships 1 and 2 are examples of commensalism. Relationships 3 and 4 are examples of mutualism. Relationship 1 is an example of commensalism. Relationships 2 and 4 are examples of mutualism. Relationship 3 is an example of predation. O Relationships 1, 2, and 4 are examples of mutualism. Relationship 3…arrow_forward
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