General Chemistry: Atoms First
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780321809261
Author: John E. McMurry, Robert C. Fay
Publisher: Prentice Hall
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Textbook Question
Chapter 4.10, Problem 4.21P
Calculate the formal charge on each atom in the three resonance structures for the nitrate ion in Worked Example 4.11.
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General Chemistry: Atoms First
Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 4.1PCh. 4.2 - Prob. 4.2PCh. 4.2 - Prob. 4.3CPCh. 4.4 - Use the electronegativity values in Figure 4.4 to...Ch. 4.4 - Order the following compounds according to the...Ch. 4.4 - An electrostatic potential map of water is shown...Ch. 4.5 - Prob. 4.7PCh. 4.5 - Write formulas for compounds with the following...Ch. 4.5 - Prob. 4.9CPCh. 4.6 - Draw electron-dot structures for the following...
Ch. 4.6 - Draw an electron-dot structure for the hydronium...Ch. 4.7 - Draw electron-dot structures for the following...Ch. 4.7 - There are two molecules with the formula C2H6O....Ch. 4.7 - The following structure is a representation of...Ch. 4.8 - Carbon monoxide, CO, is a deadly gas produced by...Ch. 4.8 - Draw an electron-dot structure for each of the...Ch. 4.8 - Prob. 4.17PCh. 4.9 - Prob. 4.18PCh. 4.9 - Draw as many resonance structures as possible for...Ch. 4.9 - The following structure shows the connections...Ch. 4.10 - Calculate the formal charge on each atom in the...Ch. 4.10 - Calculate the formal charge on each atom in the...Ch. 4.10 - What is a radical, and why are they so reactive?Ch. 4.10 - Prob. 4.24PCh. 4.10 - Draw an electron-dot structure for the ethyl...Ch. 4 - Two electrostatic potential maps are shown, one of...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.27CPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.28CPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.29CPCh. 4 - Sinapaldehyde, a compound present in the toasted...Ch. 4 - Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) has the following...Ch. 4 - What general trends in electronegativity occur in...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.33SPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.34SPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.35SPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.36SPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.37SPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.38SPCh. 4 - Show the direction of polarity for each of the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.40SPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.41SPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.42SPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.43SPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.44SPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.45SPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.46SPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.47SPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.48SPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.49SPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.50SPCh. 4 - Which of the following substances contains an atom...Ch. 4 - Draw electron-dot structures for the following...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.53SPCh. 4 - Oxalic acid, H2C2O4, is a mildly poisonous...Ch. 4 - Draw an electron-dot structure for carbon...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.56SPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.57SPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.58SPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.59SPCh. 4 - Methylphenidate (C14H19NO2), marketed as Ritalin,...Ch. 4 - Pregabalin (C8H17NO2), marketed as Lyrica, is an...Ch. 4 - Draw as many resonance structures as you can that...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.63SPCh. 4 - Which of the following pairs of structures...Ch. 4 - Which of the following pairs of structures...Ch. 4 - Draw an electron-dot structure for carbon...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.67SPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.68SPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.69SPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.70SPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.71SPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.72SPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.73SPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.74CHPCh. 4 - Thiofulminic acid, , is a highly reactive...Ch. 4 - Draw two resonance structures for methyl...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.78CHPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.79CHPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.80CHPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.81CHPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.82CHPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.83CHPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.84CHPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.85CHPCh. 4 - Sulfur reacts with chlorine to give a product that...Ch. 4 - Sulfur reacts with ammonia to give a product A...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.88MPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.89MP
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- The Lewis structure of acetone is Circling the carbonyl carbon, i.e., the carbon atom attached to oxygen, and its octet gives Circling the oxygen atom and its octet gives Thus, atoms share electrons in making bonds, and a pair of electrons may be included in the octet of two different atoms. When computing the formal charge on an atom, the number of electrons that belong to that atom is compared with the number of electrons the atom would have in the unbonded and neutral state. If the two numbers are the same, the formal charge on the atom is zero. In a Lewis structure both electrons in an unshared pair belong to the atom, and one of every pair of shared (bonding) electrons belongs to the atom.arrow_forwardthe formal charges on all the atoms in the following Lewis diagrams. Which one would best represent bonding in the molecule Cl2O ?arrow_forwardTwo possible Lewis diagrams for sulfine (H2CSO) are (a) Compute the formal charges on all atoms. (b) Draw a Lewis diagram for which all the atoms in sulfine have formal charges of zero.arrow_forward
- In the Lewis structure for chloromethane, the chlorine atom is sharing _____ electron pair and “owns” _____ of those electrons. Also, the chlorine atom possesses two electrons from each of _____ unshared pairs. The total number of electrons that belong to chlorine is 7 . Chlorine is a Group ____ element. The formal charge on chlorine in chloromethane is ____.arrow_forwardWhite phosphorus (P4) consists of four phosphorus atoms arranged at the corners of a tetrahedron. Draw the valence electrons on this structure to give a Lewis diagram that satisfies the octet rule.arrow_forwardThree resonance structures are possible for dinitrogen monoxide, N2O. (a) Draw the three resonance structures. (b) Calculate the formal charge on each atom in each resonance structure. (c) Based on formal charges and electronegativity, predict which resonance structure is the most reasonable.arrow_forward
- It is impossible to draw a legitimate Lewis structure of a neutral NH4 molecule. Hypothetically,how many valence electrons would such a neutral NH4 molecule have ifit could exist? a. The +1 cation, NH4+ , does exist. How many valence electrons does one NH4+ ion have? b. Draw the Lewis structure for NH4+arrow_forwardExplain why this Lewis structure for CO is not as valid as the Lewis structure you drew in theprevious question even though it has no “hot spots” of + or charge (formal charges).arrow_forwardMethanol, CH3OH, is a compound in which the formal charge on all the atoms is zero. Consider what results when a proton, H+, becomes bonded to methanol by way of one of the unshared electron pairs on the oxygen atom, i.e., This time we use the curved arrow to signify bond making. Now a pair of unshared electrons on oxygen is pushed toward the region between the oxygen atom and the hydrogen ion. It becomes an OH covalent bond. In the resulting structure the oxygen atom owns one electron from each of ____ shared pairs and two electrons from ____ unshared pair. The total number of electrons that belong to the oxygen atom is ____. Oxygen is a Group ____ element. Since the number of electrons that the oxygen atom owns in this structure is one fewer that it would have in the neutral, unbonded state, the charge on oxygen is ____. The correct Lewis structure for the conjugate acid of methanol is _________________________ Once again charge is conserved. Joining a neutral molecule and a cation must yield a cation. Again the formal charge distribution on the resulting ion is predictable from the arrow. Electrons are pushed away from the oxygen atom, leaving it with a positive charge. Electrons are pushed toward the hydrogen ion, neutralizing its erstwhile positive charg.arrow_forward
- Acetic acid is the active ingredient of vinegar. Its chemical formula is CH3COOH , and the second carbon atom is bonded to the first carbon atom and to both oxygen atoms. Draw a Lewis diagram for acetic acid and use Table 3.6 to estimate its bond lengths.arrow_forwardUnder certain conditions, the stable form of sulfur consists of rings of eight sulfur atoms. Draw the Lewis diagram for such a ring.arrow_forward
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