Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134813448
Author: Audesirk, Teresa, Gerald, Byers, Bruce E.
Publisher: Pearson,
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Chapter 2.3, Problem 1HYEW
The slap of a belly flop provides firsthand experience of the power of cohesion among water molecules. Because of the hydrogen bonds that interconnect its molecules, the water surface resists being broken. When you suddenly force a large number of water molecules apart with your belly, the result can be a bit painful. Do you think that belly-flopping into a pool of (nonpolar) vegetable oil would hurt as much? If you encountered a deep pool filled with vegetable oil, could you float or swim in it?
Why It Hurts So Much to Do a Belly Flop?
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Students have asked these similar questions
Ceramides work in tandem with cholesterol and saturated fatty acids to give your skin water impermeability. Explain how the structure of these types of molecules would in fact lead to skin being water-impermeable.
The diagram below illustrates the molecular structure of the cell membrane.
The phospholipid bilayer of a cell membrane
A
B
polar
group
с
phosphate
glycerol
Which of the following is false about the way in which the cell membrane maintains its structure?
D
water
water
The different components of an individual phospholipid are held by covalent bonds.
The attraction between the individual lipid tails inside the cell membrane is maintained
by van der Waals forces.
The attraction between the phosphate groups and the water molecules inside and out.
side of the cell is maintained by hydrogen bonds.
The bonds between the individual phospholipids that make up the cell membrane are
connected by covalent bonds.
Which of the following is a true statement?
Sphingolipids contain 2 hydrophobic, acyl chains
Phospholipids contain 3 hydrophobic acyl chains
Sphingolipids are completely no-polar, hydrophobic molecules
The different types of phospholipids do not have different physical properties when in the membrane
Chapter 2 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 2.1 - What is the mass number of hydrogen? Of helium?Ch. 2.1 - Unstable Atoms Unleashed Because exposure to...Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 2TCCh. 2.1 - What causes the coals of a campfire to glow?Ch. 2.1 - In addition to lower brain activity, what other...Ch. 2.1 - define clement and atom?Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 2.1 - explain atomic number and mass number?Ch. 2.1 - explain radioactivity and its dangers and...Ch. 2.1 - describe electron shells?
Ch. 2.2 - At a physical exam, Thomas, a sedentary...Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 2.2 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 2.2 - explain atomic number and mass number?Ch. 2.3 - The slap of a belly flop provides firsthand...Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 1TCCh. 2.3 - Predict how a drop of water on an oil-coated...Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 3TCCh. 2.3 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 2.3 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 2.3 - explain atomic number and mass number?Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 1CTCh. 2 - Which of the following is false? a. An dement is...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2MCCh. 2 - Isotopes are defined as a. atoms of the same...Ch. 2 - Prob. 4MCCh. 2 - Prob. 5MCCh. 2 - An atom consists of an atomic nucleus composed of...Ch. 2 - An atom that has lost or gained one or more...Ch. 2 - Prob. 3FIBCh. 2 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 2 - Water is described as __________ because each...Ch. 2 - Prob. 1RQCh. 2 - Distinguish between atoms and molecules and among...Ch. 2 - Prob. 3RQCh. 2 - Prob. 4RQCh. 2 - Prob. 5RQCh. 2 - Prob. 6RQCh. 2 - Prob. 7RQCh. 2 - Detergents help clean by dispersing fats and oils...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2ACCh. 2 - Prob. 3AC
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- Explain why a water strider insect can walk on the surface of a lake or pond. Use the terms hydrogen bonding, cohesion, and surface tension in your response.arrow_forwardHow do phospholipids interact with water molecules? Phospholipids do not interact with water because water is polar and lipids are nonpolar. The polar heads interact with water; the nonpolar tails do not. The polar heads avoid water; the nonpolar tails attract water (because water is polar and opposites attract). Phospholipids dissolve in water.arrow_forwardIn an experiment, a 0.001 (mole fraction) solution of polysaccharide in water is made and is placed in the compartment A (see Figure below). Compartment B is filled with pure water. The two compartments are separated by a porous semi-permeable membrane that allows the exchange of water molecules between the two compartments, but not that of the larger polysaccharide molecules a) Show that the chemical potential of water in compartment A is lower than that in compartment B by 2.48 J/mol. b) As a result of this chemical potential difference, water molecules will move from compartment B to compartment A. This causes the pressure in compartment A, relative to that in B, to increase. How would this affect the chemical potential of water in compartment B? When would the diffusion of water from B to A cease (i.e. equilibrium is achieved)? c) Using your answer to part (b), work out the difference between the pressure in compartment A and B when…arrow_forward
- When a water droplet is placed in an oil solution, the phospholipids will form a micelle as shown. Explain why the phospholipids become organized in this way. Oil Waterarrow_forwardConsider molecule #1. How would these molecules arrange themselves when added to water? A. Would dissolve in water B. Would form a micelle C. Would form a bilayerarrow_forwardPhospholipid molecules were suspended in a mixture made up of water/oil. Describe the molecular arrangement that will occur and provide explanation for the arrangement of the molecules in the aqueous/oil mixture environment and its application in cell membrane functionsarrow_forward
- How are detergent molecules similar to phospholipid molecules in plasma membranes? Explain the mechanism that makes it possible for detergent molecules to get oil out of clothes. Include the terms hydrophobic and hydrophilic in your explanation.arrow_forwardWhat property of the vegetable oil in salad dressing requires you to shake the dressing to mix up the oil, water, and vinegar before pouring it onto a salad? adhesion cohesion hydrophilic hydrophobic surface tensionarrow_forwardDiagram 1 below illustrates a model of a phospholipid. Diagram 2 is a schematic of a single layer of water molecules in a rectangular dish. A. Describe or draw how phospholipid molecules will orient themselves if in contact with the water molecules in positions labeled A and B? B. Describe or draw how phospholipid molecules will orient themselves if in contact with the water molecules in positions labeled C? C. Explain the rationale behind your description or drawing.arrow_forward
- Laundry detergent molecules have a short polar end and a long nonpolar end, enabling them to bind to water (on the polar end) and oils (on the nonpolar end). Suppose you spill some salad dressing on your shirt. Explain how washing your shirt with detergent will help remove the dressing.arrow_forwardselect the false statement regarding phospholipid bilayer membranes. phospholipid bilayer part of the biological membrane has to be highly fluid to support its biological function. One of the forces driving phospholipid aggregation are Vender Waals interaction. Aggregation of phospholipid molecules is favored by higher entropy of water molecules in the aggregated state. Fluidity of phospholipid membranes is lower with higher content of unsaturated fatty acids. Phospholipid membrane containing unnatural trans unsaturated fatty acid are more rigid.arrow_forwardWhich statement best fits the following diagram? The purplish dots are sugar molecules and the blue areas are water molecules. On the left side the water molecwles have a concentration of 99.1% and on the right side the water molecules have concentration of 99.9%. 1) The level of fluid on the left will rise because water will move by osmosis through the membrane. 2) The level of the fluid on the left will fall as water moves to the right by osmosis. 3) The level of the water on the left will rise as a result of sugar molecules diffusing through the membrane. 4) The level of the water on the left will fall as sugar molecules diffuse through the membrane.arrow_forward
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