Campbell Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780135188743
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 17.3, Problem 1CC
There are about 20,000 human protein-coding genes. How can human cells make 75,000-100,000 different proteins?
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There are about 20,000 human protein-coding genes. Howcan human cells make 75,000–100,000 different proteins?
Do most cells contain complete copies of an organism’s DNA? Do most cells express all of the genes contained in their DNA?
Based on our modern understanding, what revisions are necessary to the original one-gene / one-enzyme hypothesis? (Check all that apply.)
Alternative splicing allows one gene to encode multiple polypeptides.
Some genes encode RNAs, not enzymes.
Some genes encode lipids, not enzymes.
Some genes encode polypeptides that are not enzymes, such as structural proteins.
Proteins as functional units may be composed of several polypeptides, so genes may encode just one polypeptide within a larger protein.
Enzymes are not encoded by genes after all — they are constructed through separate biochemical processes.
Chapter 17 Solutions
Campbell Biology
Ch. 17.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 17.1 - What polypeptide product would you expect from a...Ch. 17.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 17.2 - MAKE CONNECTIONS In a research artide about...Ch. 17.2 - What enables RNA polymerase to start transcribing...Ch. 17.2 - WHAT IF? Suppose X-rays caused a sequence change...Ch. 17.3 - There are about 20,000 human protein-coding genes....Ch. 17.3 - How is RNA splicing similar to how you would watch...Ch. 17.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 17.4 - What two processes ensure that the correct amino...
Ch. 17.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 17.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 17.4 - WH AT IF? In eukaryotic cells, mRNAs have been...Ch. 17.5 - What happens when one nucleotide pair is lost from...Ch. 17.5 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Individuals heterozygous for the...Ch. 17.5 - WHAT IF? DRAW IT The template strand of a gene...Ch. 17.5 - Prob. 4CCCh. 17 - Describe the process of gene expression, by which...Ch. 17 - What are the similarities and differences in the...Ch. 17 - What function do the 5' cap and the poly-A tail...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.4CRCh. 17 - What will be the results of chemically modifying...Ch. 17 - In eukaryotic cells, transcription cannot begin...Ch. 17 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 17 - The anticodon of a particular tRNA molecule is (A)...Ch. 17 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 17 - Which component is not directly involved in...Ch. 17 - Using Figure 17.6, identify a 5' 3' sequence of...Ch. 17 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 17 - Would the coupling of the processes shown in...Ch. 17 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 17 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 17 - scientific inquiry Knowing that the genetic code...Ch. 17 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 17 - Prob. 13TYU
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- What percentage of the DNA in the genome actually corresponds to genes? How much is actually protein-coding exons? What makes up the rest?arrow_forwardWhen the human genome sequence was finally completed, scientists were surprised to discover that the genome contains far fewer genes than expected. How many genes are present in the human genome? Scientists have also found that there are many more different kinds of proteins in human cells than there are different genes in the genome. How can this be explained?arrow_forwardHow many nucleotides does the human genome contain?arrow_forward
- Consider Molecule X, which is found in all living cells. This molecule is transcribed from a stretch of DNA in the nucleus. Each nucleobase on the DNA produces a matching nucleobase on this molecule. Every 3-base codon specifies an amino acid in a protein. What is the name of X? Your answer should be one word, or a short two- or three-word phrase. Spelling counts. Note: if there is more than one possible answer, separate each answer with a comma. x 5arrow_forwardWhat is a gene? Why are genes for rRNA and tRNA considered to be genes even though they do not produce polypeptides?arrow_forwardThere are several different types of genes within a genome that serve specific functions within the cell. What are protein coding genes, tRNAs, rRNAs, and regulatory RNAs? What are the parts of a protein coding gene?arrow_forward
- The Human Genome Project resulted in the identification of 20,000 genes that code for proteins in humans. On average, each gene can code for 4 different proteins. Which of the following processes explains how a single gene could code for more than one protein? A) the central dogma of molecular biology B) mutations C) alternative splicing D) redundancy in the genetic code E) the fact that there are three stop codonsarrow_forwardWhich of the following would be present in a genome but not the transcriptome? (Select all) A) Introns B) Exons C) PolyA tail D) Promoterarrow_forwardIn a study showing that approximately 10% of protein-coding genes are essential for Cell survival .This translates into which of the following number of essential genes in the human genome .a)100 b) 500 c)1000 d)2000arrow_forward
- Consider a portion of a gene in a cell with the sequence TTTTT. Which of the following bases would you find in the complementary RNA strand, and where in the (eukaryotic) cell would this RNA be synthesized? A) A-A-A-A-A; ribosome B) U-U-U-U-U; ribosome C) A-A-A-A-A; nucleus D) U-U-U-U-U; nucleusarrow_forwardasap please A partially filled diagram of eukaryotic gene structure is shown below. Label the following additional elements in the empty boxes. One label must be used twice: a) 3'UTR, b) 5'UTR, c) exon, d) intron, e) promoterarrow_forwardHow many genes are there in a human cell .arrow_forward
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