Biochemistry: Concepts and Connections (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780134641621
Author: Dean R. Appling, Spencer J. Anthony-Cahill, Christopher K. Mathews
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 11, Problem 3P
a. NAD+ kinase catalyzes the ATP-dependent conversion of NAD + to NADP+ . How many reducing equivalents are involved in this reaction?
b. How many reducing equivalents are involved in the conversion of ferric ion to ferrous ion?
c. How many reducing equivalents are involved in reducing one molecule of oxygen gas to water?
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Students have asked these similar questions
(a) NAD+ kinase catalyzes the ATP-dependent conversion of NAD* to
NADP+. How many reducing equivalents are involved in this reaction?
(b) How many reducing equivalents are involved in the conversion
of ferric to ferrous ion?
(c) How many reducing equivalents are involved in reducing one
molecule of oxygen gas to water?
A.What is the Result of the sodium potassium ATPase activity in the cell?
B.What mechanism does the sodium potassium ATPase use to achieve this result?
C. Why is the above-mentioned change in affinity critical for the sodium potassium ATPase to perform its function?
Cells maintain different steady state ratios of NAD+/NADH (1000) and NADP+/NADPH (0.01).
(a) How do these ratios relate to the metabolic functions of NAD+ and NADPH?
(b) Given these physiological ratios, what is the AG for NAD+ to oxidize NADPH?
(c) This reaction does not happen in most tissues. Make a hypothesis: what prevents this from
occuring?
Chapter 11 Solutions
Biochemistry: Concepts and Connections (2nd Edition)
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- Interested in studying ethanol fermentation, you prepare two solutions of yeast extract that contains the cytosolic contents of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. You add glucose to both extracts at time zero, but to one (in red) you also add inorganic phosphate (added in two batches). Using a gas sensor, you monitor the CO2 generated by the two solutions over time and obtain the following data: a. Why is more CO2 generated upon the addition of phosphate? b. You become worried that the flasks would burst open to the build up in gas pressure. What other molecules could you add to the extract to slow down CO2 generation even in the presence of glucose and Pi?arrow_forwarda.Write the balanced reactions catalyzed by complex I, II, III, and 1V, and using these, write the balanced net reaction for the electron transport chain. Structures are not necessary. b. Write the balanced reaction for the ATP synthase reaction. c. Write the net reaction for Oxidative phosphorylation showing the ATP produced from NADH oxidation and FADH2 oxidation. (this is in your text) d. Write the balanced reaction for ATP production by aerobic metabolism starting with glucose.arrow_forwardDuring cellular respiration, approximately 34 ATP are produced from one molecule of glucose. a. How Many ATP are made during glycolysis? b. How many ATP/GTP are made during the Citric Acid Cycle? c. How many are made during oxidative phosphorylation? d. If you recall electrons from FADH2 pump less proton than electrons from NADH, This is because Complex II does not pump electrons. Because of this FADH2 leads to the production of less ATP, 1 FADH2 produces about 1.5 ATPs Given this value how many ATP are NADH electrons worth? Please answer all parts with good explanationarrow_forward
- The mitochondrial membrane potential is an indicator of cell viability. Think about mitochondrial function and decide which of these statements best describes the mitochondrial membrane potential. a.) A voltage that reflects the movement of ATP across the outer mitochondrial membrane b.) A voltage that reflects the movement of protons across the outer mitochondrial membrane c.) A voltage that reflects the movement of protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane d.) A voltage that reflects the movement of ATP across the inner mitochondrial membranearrow_forward1 a) What is meant by the ATP currency exchange ratio? Why does the oxidation of mitochondrial FADH2 generate one less ATP than oxidation of mitochondrial NADH? b) If 12 H+ are moved across the inner mitochondrial membrane by NADH oxidation, and each ATP synthesized requires 3 H+ to move through ATP synthase, why are only 3 ATP molecules produced by oxidation of each NADH?arrow_forwardDiscuss the relationship between redox potentials E0’ and the organization of the components of the electron transport chain. Be specific, i.e., use data/actual values to back up your discussion. a) What are the values of E0’ for all the components of the ETS? b)How are the E0’ related to ∆G values? c) How do the values of E0’ vary among the participants in the ETS relative to their position in the ETS?arrow_forward
- Calculate for the following based on complete oxidation of 5 molecules of trisaccharide containing 2 hexoses and 1 triose. a. Total number of ATP produced= b. Total number of CO2 released= c. Total number of ATP from oxidative phosphorylation= d. Total number of ATP from NADH= e. Total number of ATP from substrate level of phosphorylation in Glycolysis=arrow_forwardDecylic acid is a saturated fatty acid that occurs naturally in coconut oil and palm kernel oil. Calculate the net ATP yield when decylic acid undergoes complete B oxidation. The formula of decylic acid is shown below: (Given: The oxidation of one NADH yields 2.5 ATP; the oxidation of one FADH2 yields 1.5 ATP; and the oxidation of one acetyl CoA yields 10 ATP.) O 50 ATP O 52 ATP 66 ATP OH O 64 ATParrow_forwardCyanide is a rapidly acting, potentially deadly chemical that can exist in various forms. If accidentally ingested or inhaled, cyanide can cause rapid death by binding to complex IV (cytochrome oxidase) of the electron transport chain in the mitochondria. A.What is the mechanism by which cyanide stops cellular respiration? Be specific. B.Does cyanide cause an effect at the beginning or the end of the cellular respiration pathway? C.Does this make a difference on the effect that this chemical can have on our cells? Why? D.How does cyanide’s course of action affect the remainder of the cellular respiration pathway? E.If a person accidentally swallows cyanide, mention a potential treatment that is currently available. What is the mechanism of action of this treatment? Be specific. Please answer completely will give rating surely All questions answers neededarrow_forward
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