Concept explainers
Which of the following best represents the central dogma of gene expression?
- During transcription, DNA codes for polypeptides.
- During transcription, DNA codes for mRNA, which codes for polypeptides during translation.
- During translation, DNA codes for mRNA, which codes for polypeptides during transcription.
- None of the above are correct.
Introduction:
The central dogma is a theory of molecular biology. It describes the process of gene expression in the living organism, which suggests that gene expression takes place in two steps, transcription and translation.
Answer to Problem 1TY
Option (b).
Explanation of Solution
Explanation for correct answer:
Option (b) During transcription, the DNA codes for mRNA and the mRNA codes for polypeptide in translation. According to the central dogma of molecular biology, the flow of genetic information is from DNA(RNA(Polypeptide. The DNA codes for the formation of mRNA in the process called transcription. The mRNA codes for polypeptide in the process is known as translation.
Explanation for the incorrect answer:
Option (a) During translation, DNA codes for the polypeptide. The translation is a process, in which mRNA codes for the polypeptide. Hence, it is an incorrect answer.
Option (c) During translation, DNA codes for mRNA and the mRNA codes for polypeptide during translation. According to central dogma, transcription is the process, in which DNA codes mRNA and translation is the process, in which mRNA codes for the polypeptide. Hence, it is not the correct answer.
Option (d) none of the above are correct. The correct answer is option (b), hence, it is an incorrect option.
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Chapter 10 Solutions
Principles of Biology
- Many aspects of gene function can be nicely explained with the one- gene-one-enzyme hypothesis, which states that a gene controls the production of an enzyme. Which of the following findings about gene expression, though, requires an expansion of this simple concept? Non-enzyme proteins are made from genes too. Some genes code for RNA molecules only. Enzymes composed of different polypeptides are coded for by more than one gene. a and c, but not b a, b, and carrow_forwardUnlike in prokaryotic cells, transcription and translation in eukaryotic cells... Group of answer choices are separated: transcription occurs in the cytoplasm, and translation occurs in the nucleus. occur together in the cytosol. occur together in the nucleus. are separated, except for proteins that bind to the DNA and ribosomes, which are translated in the nucleus. are separated: transcription occurs in the nucleus, and translation occurs in the cytoplasm.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statament is NOT TRUE about gene expression? Lüffen birini seçin: O a. Gene expression is the process by which DNA directs the synthesis of proteins O b. During gene expression, the information encoded in genes is used to make specific polypeptide chains or RNA molecules. O c. The expression of genes that code for proteins includes two stages: replication and translation O d. Translation is the synthesis of a polypeptide using the information in the MRNA.arrow_forward
- Many aspects of gene function can be nicely explained with the one-gene-one-enzyme hypothesis, which states that a gene controls the production of an enzyme. Which of the following findings about gene expression, though, requires an expansion of this simple concept? Choose an answer below: Non-enzyme proteins are made from genes too. Some genes code for RNA molecules only. Enzymes composed of different polypeptides are coded for by more than one gene. a and c, but not b a, b, and carrow_forwardGiven the following schematic for a gene and its associated regulatory regions, answer the following questions by placing the correct letter in the provided blanks please put in the correct letter for the questions What region would provide cell type-specific expression of genes? region What site would significantly increase gene expression rates? = region What region or regions of this gene’s coding sequence are expressed as amino acids = regionarrow_forwardWhich of the following most accurately describes the process involved in protein synthesis? Transcription factors activate promoter region -> transcription by mRNA -> translation by ribosomes Translation by ribosomes -> transcription factors activate promoter region -> transcription by mRNA Transcription by mRNA -> transcription factors activate promoter region -> translation by ribosomes Translation by ribosomes -> transcription by mRNA -> transcription factors activate promoter regionarrow_forward
- Which of the following is TRUE about eukaryotic gene expression? The same regulatory proteins are present in every cell of the body. Every cell in the body expresses different genes. Every cell in the body expresses the same genes. The same regulatory sequences are present in every cell of the body.arrow_forwardWhich of the following are examples of post- translational modification (PTM)? (select two answers) Genomic DNA is methylated by a DNA methyltransferase, altering the binding of transcription factors. Glycogen phosphorylase becomes active when phosphorylated by glycogen phosphorylase kinase. Glucose is phosphorylated by hexokinase as the first step in glycolysis. Ras is active when bound to GTP, and inactive when bound to GDP. Caspase 3 is activated when cleaved by capsase 9.arrow_forwardDNA and RNA are information molecules with different roles in gene expression. List three differences between these two types of molecules.arrow_forward
- Hydrogen bonds are important in DNA replication and transcription. They are relatively weak chemical bonds. Why is this a desirable feature for DNA? Describe the effect (s) of changing (mutating) the promoter on the transcription of the DNA strand/gene the promoter controls. What happens to protein synthesis if a nonsense codon is inserted into the gene? Explain why a point mutation does not necessarily change the original amino acid sequence. (Explain silent mutations) Choose any pentapeptide composed of five different amino acids. List the amino acids. Present one messenger RNA codon for each amino acids and the sequence of nucleotides on the DNA that originally coded for your pentapeptide.arrow_forwardWhich of the following DNA regulatory protein “motifs” consists of three a-helices, in a single polypeptide, acting independently of other polypeptides in the regulation of DNA? the leucine zipper the zinc finger the homeodomain all of the above none of the above Which of the following processes regulates the maturation of mRNA from hnRNA (in the control of gene expression in humans and other eukaryotes)? translation of polypeptides self-replication of DNA processing of RNA transcription of RNA self-replication of RNAarrow_forwardSeveral different nucleic acids are involved in the process of getting a protein produced from a gene. DNA contains the "genetic code" for the protein. DNA is double-stranded, but only one strand is transcribed into MRNA. The MRNA then goes into the cytoplasm where it is translated into protein with the help of TRNA. At each stage of the process, there is base complementarity (A pairs with T/U and C pairs with G) between the nucleic acids involved to ensure the integrity of the DNA blueprint for the protein being produced. Therefore, some of the four strands of nucleic acids involved will match (except U replaces T in RNA) and some will have base complementarity. Indicate whether there is matching (1) or base complementarity (2) between the following nucleic acids. DNA sense strand and MRNA DNA sense strand and tRNA DNA antisense strand and MRNA MRNA and TRNAarrow_forward