Your attitude toward risk is characterized by a utility function u(x)=x2 1. A lottery L gives you 1/3 chance of winning $81 and 2/3 chance of winning $9. 1.a. What is the expected value of L, EV(L)? 1.b. What is the expected utility of L, EU(L)?
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- The chief executive officer of a publishing company says she is indifferentbetween the certainty of receiving $7,500 and a gamble where there is a 0.5 chance of receiving $5,000 and a 0.5 chance of receiving $10,000. a). Does she seem to be a risk averter, a risk lover, or risk- neutral? Explain. b). What is the coefficient of variation of the risky option (gamble)?AsapSuppose that Mike, with utility function, u(x) = v x+5000, is offered a gamble where a coin is flipped twice, and if the coin comes up heads both times (probability - .25), he gets $40,000. Would he prefer this gamble or $7,500 for sure? What is his Certainty Equivalent?
- Consider the lottery that assigns a probability r of obtaining a level of consumption CH and a probability 1-T of obtaining a low level of consumption cL an individual facing such a lottery with utility function u(c) that has the properties that more is better (that is, a strictly positive marginal utility of consumption at all levels of c) and diminishing marginal utility of consumption, u"(c) CL. Consider du(c) for the first derivative of the utility function with respect to dc d²u(c) dc2 du' (c) consumption and u"(c) which is also the derivative of the first derivative of the utility function). to be the second derivative of the utility function dcQuestions 18 through 20 refer to the following information: Shawn's consumption is subject to risk. With probability 0.75 he will enjoy 10000 in consumption, but with probability 0.25 he will have only 3600. His utility function for consumption is given by v(c) = vc. Question 18 What is the expected value of Shawn's consumption? Question 19 What is his expected utility?Utility functions incorporate a decision maker’s attitude towards risk. Let’s assume that the following utilities were assessed for Danica Wary. x u(x) -$2,000 0 -$500 62 $0 75 $400 80 $5,000 100 Would a risk neutral decision maker be willing to take the following deal: 30% chance of winning $5,000, 40% chance of winning $400 and a 30% chance of losing $2,000? Using the utilities given in the table above, determine whether Danica would be willing to take the deal described in part a? Is Danica risk averse or is she a risk taker? What is her risk premium for this deal?
- If a risk‐neutral individual owns a home worth $200,000 and there is a three percent chance the home will be destroyed by fire in the next year, then we know that:a) He is willing to pay much more than $6,000 for full cover.b) He is willing to pay much less than $6,000 for full cover.c) He is willing to pay at most $6,000 for full cover.d) None of the above are correct.e) All of the above are correct.The value of a successful project is $420,000; the probabilities of success are 1/2 with good supervision and 1/4 without. The manager is risk neutral, not risk averse as in the text, so his expected utility equals his expected income minus his disutility of effort. He can get other jobs paying $90,000, and his disutility for exerting the extra effort for good supervision on your project is $100,000. (a) Show that inducing high effort would require the firm to offer a compensation scheme with a negative base salary; that is, if the project fails, the manager pays the firm an amount stipulated in the scheme. (b) How might a negative base salary be implemented in reality? (c) Show that if a negative base salary is not feasible, then the firm does better to settle for the low-pay, low-effort situation.Suppose that you graduate from college next year and you have two career options: 1) You will start a job in an investment bank paying a $100,000 annual salary. 2) You will start a Ph.D. in economics and, as a student, you will receive a $20,000 salary. You are bad with decisions, so you are letting a friend of yours decide for you by flipping a coin. The probabilities of options 1 and 2 are, therefore, each 50%. a) Illustrate, using indifference curves, your preferences regarding consumption choices in the two different states of the world. Assume that you are risk-averse. [Include also the 45 degrees line in your figure] b) Now show how the indifference curves would change if you were substantially more risk averse than before. Explain. c) Now show the indifference curves if you are risk neutral and if you are risk loving. d) Show your expected utility preferences from point a) mathematically.
- Assume that Rosemarie has the following utility function: U(W) = W1/2. She is selling her homeand believes that the house will sell for $250,000 with probability ¼ and $122,500 withprobability ¾.a. What is her expected utility?b. What is the risk premium (P) Rosemarie would pay to avoid bearing this risk?Problem 3. Carol's risk preference is represented by the following expected utility formula: U(T, C₁; 1 T, C₂) = π √√ √₁+ (17) √√C₂. i) Suppose Carol is indifferent between the following two options: the first option A returns $100 with probability and $X with probability, and the second option B returns $49 for sure. Determine X. ii) Consider the following three lotteries: L₁ = (0.9, $100; 0.1, $49), L2 = (0.7, $225; 0.3, $49), and L3= (0.5, $400; 0.5, $0). What is the ranking of these lotteries for Carol? Calculate the risk premiums of these lotteries for Carol. 15) A person with a current wealth of $100,000 who faces the prospect of 25 percent chance of losing his or her $20,000 automobile through theft during the next year. Suppose this person's utility function is U(Y) = InY. a). If this person takes no action, what is the expected utility? b). What is the actuarially fair premium? What is his expected utility if he purchase this insurance. c). Suppose that now the insurance company provides a new type of insurance. This insurance costs $4900 and requires the individual to incur the first $1000 of the loss from theft would yield. That is expected utility of this new insurance? Will the person choose the insurance in b) or c)?