Yellow: Did not have answers from anyone but confident based on notesQuestion 1: Insulin can have pleiotropic (wide ranging) effects in cells because...?1. The insulin receptor phosphorylates with a family of substrates inside the cell2. There are over 20 versions of the insulin receptor expressed in vertebrates3. The insulin receptor heterodimers with the GH and PRL receptors4. MRAP (membrane associated receptor proteins) couple the insulin receptor to differenteffector pathwaysQuestion 2: Cholecystokinin (CCK) is accurately described by which of the following statements?1. It is not a member of the peptide hormone superfamily2. It binds to a 1-TMS receptor that signals through guanylate cyclase3. It is sulphated on tyrosine residues for full activity4. It is proteolytically released from POMC by gut cellsQuestion 3: Insulin...1. Is released from the pancreas in vertebrates and invertebrates2. Is released from the vertebrate pancreas in response to hyperglycemia3. Is released from the vertebrate in response to hypoglycemia4. Is released from the invertebrate corpora allata in response to hypoglycemiaQuestion 4: Members of the insulin family of peptides share which of the following?1. Highly conserved glycine residues denoting the “insulin signature”2. Three peptide chains held together by cys-cys bonds3. Highly conserved cysteine residues denoting the “insulin signature”4. Two peptide chains held together by hydrogen bondsQuestion 5: When one compares the evolution of the hormonal control of vertebrate gut hormones, which of the following is seen?1. More complex vertebrates possess unique hormones not seen in simpler animals2. More complex vertebrates have a more sophisticated collection of information from thegut3. There is not evidence for gain-of-function mutations in gut hormone evolution4. The same hormones always control the same physiology in simple compared to complexvertebratesQuestion 6: Insulin...1. Is found in all animals and even plants and likely predates all multicellular organisms2. Is the only hormone with a hypoglycemic effect 3. Is produced in the pancreas in vertebrates and invertebrates4. Is not structurally related to IGFQuestion 7: The hormone relaxin is structurally part of the insulin superfamily of peptide hormones and binds to the insulin receptor with high affinity1. True2. FalseQuestion 8: Which of the following is not a member of the insulin superfamily of peptide hormones?1. Bombesin2. IGF-13. Relaxin4. IGF-25. GIP (gastric inhibitory peptide)Question 9: Hormones control which of the following to affect digestion of food?1. The release of hormones that affect feeding2. The absorption of nutrients3. The speed at which food moves through the gut4. Upregulation of the expression of amino acid transporters in gut epitheliumQuestion 10: How does invertebrate hormones differ in their control of digestive processes compared to vertebrate hormones?1. In contrast to vertebrate hormone, invertebrate hormones don’t control secretion of substances into the digestive tract2. In contrast to vertebrate hormones, invertebrate hormones don’t control the speed at which the food moves through the digestive tract3. In contrast to vertebrate hormones, which are member of large peptide hormone gene families, invertebrate hormones are notQuestion 11: Which of the following statements is true?1. In vertebrates and invertebrates there are an incredible number of hormones secretedwithin the gut2. In vertebrates and invertebrates, hormones control secretions, movement, and digestionof food3. In vertebrates and invertebrates, gut peptide hormones are part of larger peptide hormonefamilies 4. Some are unique hormones, not members of larger hormone families that include vertebrate hormones 4. In vertebrates and invertebrates, gut hormones have pleiotropic effects5. In vertebrates and invertebrates, all of the above are correct

Question

Yellow: Did not have answers from anyone but confident based on notesQuestion 1: Insulin can have pleiotropic (wide ranging) effects in cells because...?1. The insulin receptor phosphorylates with a family of substrates inside the cell2. There are over 20 versions of the insulin receptor expressed in vertebrates3. The insulin receptor heterodimers with the GH and PRL receptors4. MRAP (membrane associated receptor proteins) couple the insulin receptor to differenteffector pathwaysQuestion 2: Cholecystokinin (CCK) is accurately described by which of the following statements?1. It is not a member of the peptide hormone superfamily2. It binds to a 1-TMS receptor that signals through guanylate cyclase3. It is sulphated on tyrosine residues for full activity4. It is proteolytically released from POMC by gut cellsQuestion 3: Insulin...1. Is released from the pancreas in vertebrates and invertebrates2. Is released from the vertebrate pancreas in response to hyperglycemia3. Is released from the vertebrate in response to hypoglycemia4. Is released from the invertebrate corpora allata in response to hypoglycemiaQuestion 4: Members of the insulin family of peptides share which of the following?1. Highly conserved glycine residues denoting the “insulin signature”2. Three peptide chains held together by cys-cys bonds3. Highly conserved cysteine residues denoting the “insulin signature”4. Two peptide chains held together by hydrogen bondsQuestion 5: When one compares the evolution of the hormonal control of vertebrate gut hormones, which of the following is seen?1. More complex vertebrates possess unique hormones not seen in simpler animals2. More complex vertebrates have a more sophisticated collection of information from thegut3. There is not evidence for gain-of-function mutations in gut hormone evolution4. The same hormones always control the same physiology in simple compared to complexvertebratesQuestion 6: Insulin...1. Is found in all animals and even plants and likely predates all multicellular organisms2. Is the only hormone with a hypoglycemic effect                 3. Is produced in the pancreas in vertebrates and invertebrates4. Is not structurally related to IGFQuestion 7: The hormone relaxin is structurally part of the insulin superfamily of peptide hormones and binds to the insulin receptor with high affinity1. True2. FalseQuestion 8: Which of the following is not a member of the insulin superfamily of peptide hormones?1. Bombesin2. IGF-13. Relaxin4. IGF-25. GIP (gastric inhibitory peptide)Question 9: Hormones control which of the following to affect digestion of food?1. The release of hormones that affect feeding2. The absorption of nutrients3. The speed at which food moves through the gut4. Upregulation of the expression of amino acid transporters in gut epitheliumQuestion 10: How does invertebrate hormones differ in their control of digestive processes compared to vertebrate hormones?1. In contrast to vertebrate hormone, invertebrate hormones don’t control secretion of substances into the digestive tract2. In contrast to vertebrate hormones, invertebrate hormones don’t control the speed at which the food moves through the digestive tract3. In contrast to vertebrate hormones, which are member of large peptide hormone gene families, invertebrate hormones are notQuestion 11: Which of the following statements is true?1. In vertebrates and invertebrates there are an incredible number of hormones secretedwithin the gut2. In vertebrates and invertebrates, hormones control secretions, movement, and digestionof food3. In vertebrates and invertebrates, gut peptide hormones are part of larger peptide hormonefamilies           4. Some are unique hormones, not members of larger hormone families that include vertebrate hormones 4. In vertebrates and invertebrates, gut hormones have pleiotropic effects5. In vertebrates and invertebrates, all of the above are correct

Accepted Answer

Hope it help answer your questions. Let me know if you have any clarification. Thank you.