Write the general equation of the MRS for each utility function. Write the equation for the indifference curve where utility is equal to 100 for each utility function. Determine whether these indifference curves for each of the utility functions are convex (that is, whether the MRS decreases as x increases) or are concave (and thus violate an assumption about preferences).
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- Mr. Dogan has 4000 TL to spend. He considers buying meat whose price is 400 TL per kg. and cheese whose price is 160 TL /kg. Given this a) What condition (equality) leads him to a utility maximization. State the condition numerically and tell clearly what each of the variables mean in that equation b) Now suppose that income of Mr. Dogan and price of meat does not change but price of cheese is down to 130 TL/kg. Do the equality and optimal basket found in a still maximize the utility? If not; what is the new condition for utility maximization (write the condition as a numerical equation defining the variables in the equation)2. A consumer has a utility fuinction given by a) Derive an expression for the two marginal utilities: MU (x1, 22) and MU2 (21, r2). Since AMRS = -YU use these marginal utilities to derive a simple expression for the MRS (r1, 22). b) Optimal choice on the part of the consumer implies MI RS = -. Suppose M 20, p1 = p2 = 1. Show the optimal choice in this case on a well-labelled graph of the budget set. Include an indifference curve consistent with these preferences. c) Now keep income at 20, and pi = 1, but set p2 - 2. Show the optimal choice in this case on a well-labelled graplh of the budget set. Inclnde an indifference curve consistent with these preferences.A consumer is choosing between magazines and books. His indifference curves and budget constraint are shown on the graph to the right. 50- 45- The utility-maximizing point is Point-B 40 Suppose that the price of books falls. 35 .... 1.) Use the line drawing tool to draw a new budget constraint (still tangent to 30- one of the indifference curves). Label this line 'L2 25- 2.) Use the point drawing tool to locate the new utility-maximizing point. Label this point 'T 20- Carefully follow the instructions above, and only draw the required objects. 15- 10- 5- 22.5 0- 35 20 25 Books 15 40 45 50 étv 15 MacBook Air 80 DII esc F2 F3 F5 F6 F7 F8 F1 ! @ $ 1 4 6. 7 8 9 Q W E IT Y tab A F つ K caps lock Z C V shift fn control option command つ Magazines N リ
- 2. Consider a consumer whose preference relation over the consumption set X = R can be repre- sented by the utility function: u (x1, x2, 13) = A (x1 – T1)ª (x2 – ã2)° (x3 – ã3)" - where A, a, B and y are all strictly positive. (a) Why can you assume A = 1 and a + B+y= 1 without loss of generality? Do so for the rest of the question. (b) Solve the UMP and derive the consumer's Walrasian demand. (c) Find the indirect utility function, the minimum expenditure function, and the Hicksian demand function.Suppose that consumer has the following utility function: U(X, Y) = X@Y where 1 > a > 0 and 1 > b>0 are constants. Which of the following is correct? Preferences are convex and indifference curves are bowed inward towards the origin since Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility holds. Preferences are convex and indifference curves are bowed outward from the origin since Lavw of Diminishing Marginal Utility fails to hold. Preferences are concave and indifference curves are bowed outward from the origin since Law of Diminishing Marginal Rate of Substitution fails to hold. O Preferences are convex and indifference curves are bowed inward towards the origin since Law of Diminishing Marginal Rate of Substitution holds.Q1: (I)Asma eats only apples and almonds. Her level of income is $36, Price of apple (Pa) is $2 per kg and price of almond (Pl) is $6 per kg. The preferences of Asma are represented by the following utility function Utility U= 10*Qa + 40*Ql where Qa and Ql are Asam’s consumption of Apples and almonds. (a) which kind of preferences Asma has? (b) Find Utility per dollar spent on apple and almond (c) Find Marginal rate of substitution and interpret it (d) Find utility maximizing values of apples and almond and show graphically
- - Assume an individual has quasilinear preferences of the form U(x1,x2) = 3x1¹2 + 2x2. If the price of Good 1 is $1 and the price of Good 2 is $2, how many additional units will the individual consume of Good 2 if her income increases by $1, assuming we're at an interior optimum? A. B. C. D. The individual's consumption of Good 2 will increase by 1/2 unit. The individual's consumption of Good 2 will increase by 1 unit. The individual's consumption of Good 2 will decrease. The individual's consumption of Good 2 will not change.5. Consider a consumer that seeks to minimize his expenditure E to achieve a given 1/41/4 level of utilityŪ. Assume that E = p₁x₁ + p₂x²; Ū=x^x^; and p₁ and p₂ are given. a) Set up the Lagrangian. b) Show the first-order conditions or minimization. c) Derive the expressions for the optimal levels of x, and x₂. d) Using the second-order conditions, verify if the solution generates a minimum value for E (Use H₂ to verify).Problem 2 Suppose that John's preferences over meat (M) and vegetables (V) are represented by the following utility function U(M,V) = a ln(M) + (1 − a) ln(V) where 0 < a < 1. ¹No claim of realism is made for the numbers in this example. 1 (a) Write down the Lagrangian for John's optimization problem. (Recall that John max- imizes utility given an income, I, and prices på and på for the goods.) (b) Solve for John's optimal consumption bundle (M*, V*) (as a function of income and prices) using the Lagrangian method. = (c) Suppose a = . Suppose also that John has income I = 1 and pv 2. What is the value of John's optimal happens if John's income doubles to I = 400? 200 and faces prices p consumption bundle? What =
- Refer to the indifference curve/budget line diagram below in Figure 7. Given that a consumer initially faces budget line (BL1) and ICI, and thus, by choosing consumption point c, is able to achieve the optimal utility level. If the price of x (Px) decreases, then the substitution effect (SE) is the movement from _-. effect (IE) is the movement from and the income y a IC2 d IC: BLI Figure 7 O a. from b to a; and a to d. O b. from a to b; and b to c. O c. No correct answwers. O d. from c to d; and d to a.Assume that the preferences of a consumer can be expressed by the utility function 0.75 utx), 4 + x (i) Show that based on this utility function, the demand functions are for the benefits provided by 81 p x = 4 3 81 р; т and x P2 P der 1 p is the price per unit 1 x, 2 p is the price per unit 2 x and m are the income of the consumer. (ii) Explain what is meant by the cross-price elasticity of a good. Calculate the cross-price elasticity of the goodigiven in question (i), and give an interpretation of the result.Question 1 1.1 Explain the principle of a diminishing marginal rate of substitution within the context of consumer preferences and explain the relationship between this principle and the axiom of strictly convex preferences. 1.2 Explain the difference between the ordinal and cardinal approach to utility. Also explain why the ordinal approach will always allow for multiple real-valued utility functions rep- resenting the same underlying (strictly monotonic) preference relations (in other words, explain why using the ordinal approach leads to non-unique utility functions).