With respect to the Rising Star case study, critically review how role congruity theory help to explain why women are often not considered for certain promotions and are under-represented in leadership roles. To support your answer, draw upon Hoobler, Wayne & Lemmon (2009), Ibarra, Ely & Kolb (2013) and Elsesser & Lever (2011). What is the current state of play with respect to female representation in leadership roles/ What is role congruity theory? How does it help explain why women are under-represented in leadership roles? What other explanations are there? Hoobler on perceptions of child care etc. Case study: When should a rising star make her pregnancy public? "Anything for you?" the waiter asked Leila. She and Konstantinos exchanged glances. "No, I'm all set," Leila said. "Just the menu." She sighed and turned to her husband. "It doesn't feel quite the same to celebrate without wine." "I'll stop drinking, too, if you want — in solidarity," Konstantinos said. Leila smiled feebly. It wasn't that she didn't want to be pregnant. She really did. She'd always wanted children. She just hadn't expected it to happen so quickly. "You should be thrilled, Leila, wine or not. This is exciting. The next phase of our life." Konstantinos took her hand in his. He'd suggested this dinner at their favorite restaurant, Luna Park, because it was where they toasted all their milestones: their engagement, Leila's acceptance to business school, Konstantinos's landing his first big client after he started his own company. It seemed only appropriate to celebrate the baby news here, too. But Leila was feeling more anxious than festive. "I am happy," she said. "I really am. I'm just not sure about the timing. And yes, I know, it's never exactly the right time. But this job — it's my dream job." "And you're still going to get it," Konstantinos said. "There's no reason why the head of International Business development can't also be a mum." Leila had worked at D.A.T.E ever since graduating from Middlesex University Business School five years earlier. At first, she'd been disappointed with the company. It wasn't as fast paced as she'd expected, and opportunities to move up were few and far between. Her mentors had told her to trust the system, to be patient, to wait for the right opportunity. Finally, a few months earlier, she had found it. Tom DeHart, the president of D.A.T.E's international division, wanted a short-term director of International Business development, someone who would spend the next 18 to 24 months traveling frequently to overseas clients. Leila had been interviewing with Tom. Two weeks before, he'd told her she was the front-runner for the job. The waiter put Konstantinos's Pinot Noir in front of him. Konstantinos raised it for a toast, but Leila looked down at the table. "Leila, you've got to shake this," Konstantinos said. "You are the master of making things possible. We'll figure it all out. Anyway, I thought you said Tom was a parent. Won't he understand?" "He might. I don't know him all that well. He seems like a great guy, but I don't want to disappoint him. He acted very excited about my taking the job last time we spoke. We both were." "What did he say, exactly?" "He talked a lot about the travel and wanted to be sure I was ok with it. He said it can be really hard — that I would need a ton of stamina. What am I going to tell him?" 2 "Ok, let's think this through. What are the arguments for and against telling him you're pregnant?" Konstantinos took a cocktail napkin, turned it over, and drew a line down the middle, writing "Pros" on one side and "Cons" on the other. Leila had done this sort of thing numerous times for him. She was the organized one in the relationship. She used a spreadsheet to plan holidays, map out career plans, arrange summer and winter clothes. She appreciated how hard Konstantinos was trying, but she couldn't muster the energy to play along. "I'm just not sure I can have a baby and do this job," she said. A Higher Standard The next morning Leila dropped off her laptop at her desk, poured herself a decaf coffee (though she desperately wanted a regular one), and walked up to the third floor to see Catherine Quinn, one of the HR directors. Winded, she paused a moment outside Catherine's door, surprised at how tired she already felt so early in the pregnancy. "Leila, what are you doing?" Catherine said, spying her in the hallway. Catherine was known around the company for being tough and incredibly efficient. Her office was perfectly tidy, nothing out of place. She made Leila look like a slob, and that wasn't easy. "I'm wondering if you know when Tom's planning to make his decision," Leila said. "Why? You aren't having second thoughts, are you?" "No, no. I just want to be sure I'm prepared." Leila looked at the empty chair in the room. Catherine caught her gaze but didn't invite her to sit.

Question

With respect to the Rising Star case study, critically review how role congruity theory help to explain why women are often not considered for certain promotions and are under-represented in leadership roles. To support your answer, draw upon Hoobler, Wayne & Lemmon (2009), Ibarra, Ely & Kolb (2013) and Elsesser & Lever (2011).  What is the current state of play with respect to female representation in leadership roles/ What is role congruity theory? How does it help explain why women are under-represented in leadership roles? What other explanations are there? Hoobler on perceptions of child care etc. Case study: When should a rising star make her pregnancy public? &#34;Anything for you?&#34; the waiter asked Leila. She and Konstantinos exchanged glances. &#34;No, I'm all set,&#34; Leila said. &#34;Just the menu.&#34; She sighed and turned to her husband. &#34;It doesn't feel quite the same to celebrate without wine.&#34; &#34;I'll stop drinking, too, if you want — in solidarity,&#34; Konstantinos said. Leila smiled feebly. It wasn't that she didn't want to be pregnant. She really did. She'd always wanted children. She just hadn't expected it to happen so quickly. &#34;You should be thrilled, Leila, wine or not. This is exciting. The next phase of our life.&#34; Konstantinos took her hand in his. He'd suggested this dinner at their favorite restaurant, Luna Park, because it was where they toasted all their milestones: their engagement, Leila's acceptance to business school, Konstantinos's landing his first big client after he started his own company. It seemed only appropriate to celebrate the baby news here, too. But Leila was feeling more anxious than festive. &#34;I am happy,&#34; she said. &#34;I really am. I'm just not sure about the timing. And yes, I know, it's never exactly the right time. But this job — it's my dream job.&#34; &#34;And you're still going to get it,&#34; Konstantinos said. &#34;There's no reason why the head of International Business development can't also be a mum.&#34; Leila had worked at D.A.T.E ever since graduating from Middlesex University Business School five years earlier. At first, she'd been disappointed with the company. It wasn't as fast paced as she'd expected, and opportunities to move up were few and far between. Her mentors had told her to trust the system, to be patient, to wait for the right opportunity. Finally, a few months earlier, she had found it. Tom DeHart, the president of D.A.T.E's international division, wanted a short-term director of International Business development, someone who would spend the next 18 to 24 months traveling frequently to overseas clients. Leila had been interviewing with Tom. Two weeks before, he'd told her she was the front-runner for the job. The waiter put Konstantinos's Pinot Noir in front of him. Konstantinos raised it for a toast, but Leila looked down at the table. &#34;Leila, you've got to shake this,&#34; Konstantinos said. &#34;You are the master of making things possible. We'll figure it all out. Anyway, I thought you said Tom was a parent. Won't he understand?&#34; &#34;He might. I don't know him all that well. He seems like a great guy, but I don't want to disappoint him. He acted very excited about my taking the job last time we spoke. We both were.&#34; &#34;What did he say, exactly?&#34; &#34;He talked a lot about the travel and wanted to be sure I was ok with it. He said it can be really hard — that I would need a ton of stamina. What am I going to tell him?&#34; 2 &#34;Ok, let's think this through. What are the arguments for and against telling him you're pregnant?&#34; Konstantinos took a cocktail napkin, turned it over, and drew a line down the middle, writing &#34;Pros&#34; on one side and &#34;Cons&#34; on the other. Leila had done this sort of thing numerous times for him. She was the organized one in the relationship. She used a spreadsheet to plan holidays, map out career plans, arrange summer and winter clothes. She appreciated how hard Konstantinos was trying, but she couldn't muster the energy to play along. &#34;I'm just not sure I can have a baby and do this job,&#34; she said. A Higher Standard The next morning Leila dropped off her laptop at her desk, poured herself a decaf coffee (though she desperately wanted a regular one), and walked up to the third floor to see Catherine Quinn, one of the HR directors. Winded, she paused a moment outside Catherine's door, surprised at how tired she already felt so early in the pregnancy. &#34;Leila, what are you doing?&#34; Catherine said, spying her in the hallway. Catherine was known around the company for being tough and incredibly efficient. Her office was perfectly tidy, nothing out of place. She made Leila look like a slob, and that wasn't easy. &#34;I'm wondering if you know when Tom's planning to make his decision,&#34; Leila said. &#34;Why? You aren't having second thoughts, are you?&#34; &#34;No, no. I just want to be sure I'm prepared.&#34; Leila looked at the empty chair in the room. Catherine caught her gaze but didn't invite her to sit.

Accepted Answer

The objective of the question is to critically review how role congruity theory can explain why…