Answered: With given structures of acetophenone,…

With given structures of acetophenone, nicotine, and salicylic acid, fill out the following table with appropriate major species at each pH.

Principles of Modern Chemistry

8th Edition

ISBN:9781305079113

Author:David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. Butler

Publisher:David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. Butler

Chapter15: Acid–base Equilibria

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 107AP

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Arrhenius Acid

Arrhenius acid act as a good electrolyte as it dissociates to its respective ions in the aqueous solutions. Keeping it similar to the general acid properties, Arrhenius acid also neutralizes bases and turns litmus paper into red.

Bronsted Lowry Base In Inorganic Chemistry

Bronsted-Lowry base in inorganic chemistry is any chemical substance that can accept a proton from the other chemical substance it is reacting with.

Question

LC analysis are sometime performed using buffers as mobile phase to control the pH. The following table lists the
retention factors (k) for three analytes separated on a C8 non-
polar column. The mobile phase was a citrate buffer: methanol
mixture adjusted to given pHs with NH3.
a. With given structures of acetophenone, nicotine,
and salicylic acid, fill out the following table with
appropriate major species at each pH.
Structure
Acetophenone (no
pka)
Nicotine
(pka1 = 3.15,
pka2 = 7.85)
Salicylic acid
(pka1 = 2.97,
pka2 = 13.60)
b.
CH3
CH3
OH
OH
pH 2
Analyte
Acetophenone
Nicotine
Salicylic Acid
pH 5
pH 2
8.5
0.0
6.0
pH 5
8.5
0.2
1.1
pH 8
pH 8
8.5
6.1
1.1
Based on your structures above, provide explanations on why some of the observed retention factors
change with pH of the mobile phase.

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