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- 1. Suppose you have an Oort cloud comet on an orbit with pericenter distance 10,000 AU, and apocenter distance 20,000 AU. a. What are the semi-major axis and eccentricity of the orbit? b. What are the specific energy (energy per unit mass), and specific angular momentum (angular momentum per unit mass) of the comet? c. How fast is the comet moving at apocenter (relative to the Sun)?O e. as a moon QUESTION 3 You observe a large, round object orbiting Uranus. How would you classify this object? O a. as a planet Ob. as a dwarf planet Oc. as an asteroid Od. as a Kuiper belt object e. as a moon QUESTION 4 What is one difference between asteroids and Kuipter Belt Objects (KBOS)? O a. asteroids are composed of rock and ice, while KBOS are composed of just rock b. asteroids orbit the Sun, while KBOS orbit Pluto C. asteroids orbit between Mars and Jupiter, while KBO's orbit near Pluto d. asteroids have very elliptical orbits, while KBOS have very circular orbits e. asteroids are small and potato-shaped, while KBOS are large and round DO000Even if the Europa Clipper can't send a lander down to Europa's surface, it may still be able to sample the sub-ice ocean during some of its flybys. How would this work? a The spacecraft would rendezvous with one of the large number of comets that we know are made of water erupted from Europa's ocean through its volcanoes. b There is some evidence that plumes of water shoot out of Europa, and the spacecraft could fly through them. c The spacecraft would crash into Europa, sampling the sub-ice ocean during the last seconds of its mission. d The spacecraft would drop powerful bombs onto Europa, shattering the ice and blasting some of the water into space to be sampled there.
- PC Why are there two different types of planets in the solar system? O The amount of material available to form planets was greater in the outer reaches of the protoplanetary disk. O Rocky material could not collect and form planets beyond the asteroid belt. O The nebular cloud from which the solar system formed had very little gas. O The sun's heat allowed only rocky planets to form in the inner portion of the solar system. 1Problem 5. Physical Features of the Giant Planets: Appearance of the Atmosphere of Neptune. Explain why the atmosphere of Neptune appears the way it does.After the Galileo orbiter detected something unusual in the space around Europa, what did scientists interpret this phenomenon to mean? a Europa's ice is directly in contact with its rocky interior, with no liquid layer in between. b Europa's frequent volcanic eruptions are blastic sulfur compounds into orbit around Jupiter. c Directly underneath the ice layer is a thick layer of molten magma. d An electrically-conductive fluid, probably salty water, exists under Europa's surface.
- Title 1. Why are the belts and zones on Saturn less distinct than those on Jupiter? 2. Why do astronomers. Description 1. Why are the belts and zones on Saturn less distinct than those on Jupiter? 2. Why do astronomers conclude that none of the Jovian planets' rings can be left over from the formation of the planets? 3. How can a moon produce a gap in a planetary ring system?Which of these things did the Voyager spacecraft discover about Enceladus in the early 1980s, indicating that it is somewhat unusual among planetary bodies in our solar system? Check the TWO items that apply. a It has a thick atmosphere, made mostly of nitrogen. b It has the darkest, least reflective surface of all the known planetary bodies. c It is the brightest (i.e. most reflective) object in the solar system. d The entire surface is more heavily-cratered than any other body in our solar system. e Its surface is very smooth in some places.How many impacts would you expect to strike a 100m2 region in one hour during Earth’s formation, assuming that Earth grew to its present size in 10 million years from particles averaging 100 grams each? (Hint: Assume that Earth had its current radius of 6378km.) (Notes: The surface area of a sphere is 4pir2 ; 1yr=3.2x107 .) a. About 1300. b. About 13 . c. About 13,000. d. About 130
- a. Calculate the surface temperature of Pluto and Charon at perihelion, assuming both bodies are rapid rotators and in equilibrium with the solar radiation field. b. Calculate the escape velocity from Pluto and Charon, and compare these numbers with the velocity of N2, CH4, and H2O molecules. c. Given your answers in (a) and (b), explain qualitatively the differences in surface ice coverage for Pluto and Charon.You decide to go on an interstellar mission to explore some of the newly discovered extrasolar planets orbiting the star ROTOR. Your spacecraft arrives in the new system, in which there are five planets. ROTOR is identical to the Sun (in terms of its size, mass, age and composition). From your observations of these planets, you collect the following data: Density Average Distance from star (AU] Planet Mass Radius Albedo Temp. [C] Surf. Press. MOI Rotation [Earth = 1] (Earth = 1] [g/cm³] [Atm.] Period (Hours] Factor SIEVER EUGENIA 4.0 0.001 2.0 0.1 5.0 1.0 0.3 20 0.8 N/A 3.0 0.2 N/A 0.3 0.4 0.35 20 10 500 1000 5.0 4.0 0.5 0.8 0.4 0.7 -50 MARLENE CRILE 1.0 1.0 3.0 8.0 1,5 0.0 0.50 0.50 0.25 150 0.4 JANUS 100 12 0.1 10 -80 0.2 200 Figure 1: А Rotor 850 890 900 Wavelength (nm) A Sun В C 860 900 910 Wavelength (nm) 2414 a asSome planets have very strong magnetic fields. What features must a planet have to cause this? a.both rapid rotation and a conducting liquid core b.only a rapid rotation c.only a liquid conducting core d.both a rapid rotation and a solid metallic core e.only a metallic core