Why do microbiologists use cultured plates with 30 to 300 colonies used for calculations? 2. Why is ground beef a better bacterial growth medium than a steak or roast. 3. Why does repeated freezing and thawing increase bacterial growth if meat is then left at room temperature?
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Part A.
1.Why do microbiologists use cultured plates with 30 to 300 colonies used for calculations?
2. Why is ground beef a better bacterial growth medium than a steak or roast.
3. Why does repeated freezing and thawing increase bacterial growth if meat is then left at room temperature?
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- 1. What are the advantages of staining a bacterial preparation before observing it under a microscope?2.Briefly state how a hanging-drop preparation is prepared.3. How does the heaviness of a bacterial smear affect its microscopic analysis4. Why should you be careful not to underheat a smear during the heat-fixing process5.What is heat fixation? How is it carried out?6. Why do you think the presence of grease or dirt on a glass slide will result in a poor smear preparation? Cite two or three reasons 7. Why are basic dyes more effective for bacterial staining than acidic dyes?8. State two ways that can confirm whether a bacterial smear has been correctly prepared or notHow does the streak plate technique help in isolating individual colonies of bacteria? Why streak multiple times on one plate? 3. While observing a plate inoculated with bacteria you observe a white-tan fuzzy growth. What can you interpret from this observation? Explain how this outcome could’ve occurred. 4. What are 3 possible errors that could take place as you culture your samples which could lead to contamination? State 3 and explain why. Microbiology class1. Table 1 lists a typical recipe for growing bacteria in the lab. A researcher discovered a potentially new species of bacterium from a soil sample and attempted to grow it in this media. Unfortunately, the bacterium did not grow. Identify at least three components that you suggest adding to the medium to enable growth. Provide a reason for adding each component. Table 1. per 1000 mL 1g Bacteria culture media NazHPO4•7H2O KH2PO4 3g 5 g 1 g 0.4% (wt/vol) 0.2% (wt/vol) NaCl NHẠC1 Glucose Casamino acids
- (c) Public health scientists wanted to investigate the effect of ionising radiation on the growth of Salmonella typhimurium in the presence of antibiotics. They grew bacterial colonies of Salmonella typhimurium in petri dishes labelled A, B and C. The Petri dishes were kept at 36°C for 48 hours, with scientists observing the bacteria every 24 hours. The results for this investigation are below. Petri dish A B с Treatment Was subjected to ionising radiation followed immediately by a dose of antibiotic X An equal amount of antibiotic X was added (as was added to Petri dish A) Was given neither ionising radiation nor antibiotic X After 24 hours Small spots of growth on surface No growth Growth across whole surface After 48 hours (ii) Identify the purpose of petri dish C. Large spots of growth on surface No growth Growth across whole surface (i) Explain the effect of the ionising radiation on the bacteria. (iii) Explain why scientists must continue to develop new antibiotics.1. If you expose E.coli to UV light at 30 seconds, 1 minute, 3 minutes and 5 minutes, what are your expected results? 2. If you expose. B. cereus to UV light at 30 seconds, 1 minute, 3 minutes and 5 minutes, what are your expected results? 3. If you do not remove the cover of the plate before exposure to UV light at 5 minutes for E.coli and B. cereus, what are your expected results? Help with 1,2 & 3 please1. How is UV radiation a good type of control mechanism against microbial growth? Please explain what happens to the microbe and effects this control causes. 2. Suppose you do the Kirby-Bauer test on a hypothetical Staphylococcus species with penicillin and tetracycline. You record diameters of 20mm for tetracycline and 24mm for penicillin. Which antibiotic is most effective against this bacterium and why? Please explain and interpret these results. 3. Please provide the scientific name of your microbe that was used in the UV experiment (i.e. S. aureus). Compare your plates and interpret/analyze your results. Please discuss your findings and any patterns you were able to gather. 4. After performing the “Effects of Antiseptics & Disinfectants” lab which agent(s) showed potential to control S. marcescens growth? P. aeruginosa? Please explain why you believe these agent(s) work. 5. What purpose does water serve in the “Effects of Antiseptics & Disinfectants” lab? What did you…
- 1. How is UV radiation a good type of control mechanism against microbial growth? Please explain what happens to the microbe and effects this control causes. 2. Suppose you do the Kirby-Bauer test on a hypothetical Staphylococcus species with penicillin and tetracycline. You record diameters of 20mm for tetracycline and 24mm for penicillin. Which antibiotic is most effective against this bacterium and why? Please explain and interpret these results.This is how a hanging-drop slide is prepared. Figure from Macedo, Wikimedia Commons, 2016. 2 3 4 slide cover slip vaseline concavity drop of microbiological culture CA inoculation loop 11. Which slide gives you more information, the hanging drop or the stained slide? Why do you say so? 12. Why might it be valuable to know whether a bacterium is motile?1. The colonies on a negative MSA plate would appear _____________. 2. "E. Coli and S. epidermidis were chosen to represent Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, respectively. For a given antibiotic, is there a difference in susceptibility between the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria?" "No, they are usually similar" "yes, drugs that target the cell membrane are more effective on gram negatives" "yes, drugs that target the cell wall are more effective on gram negatives" "yes, drugs that target the cell wall are more effective on gram positives" how can I tell the difference
- 1.What advantage(s) does the pour plate method have over the streak-plate method? 2.Why is the loop flamed before it is placed in a culture tube? Why is it flamed after completing the inoculation? 3.Before inoculating and pouring molten nutrient agar into a plate, why must the agar first be cooled to 50° C? 4.Explain why plates should be inverted during incubation. 5.Explain why plates should be inverted during incubation.1. What color does an acid-fast cell stain? 2. Identify two diseases that are caused by acid-fast bacteria. 3. In the endospore stain, what color do the endospores stain? 4. If you performed an endospore stain on Mycobacterium, what color cells would you expect tosee? Why? 5. How do capsules contribute to virulence of an organism? 6. Since you know what lophotrichous and amphitrichous arrangements look like, put thoseterms together to draw an amphilophotrichous bacterium. 7. Streptococcus pneumoniae that are capable of causing pneumonia are encapsulated bacteria(meaning they have a capsule). Describe what you would expect to see under themicroscope after performing a capsule stain with india ink and safranin.1. What is the most common sterilization technique used in laboratories? 2. List at least 5 procedures of the aseptic technique and describe its uses. 3. Why is Gram stain one of the most important and widely used stains in bacteriology? 4. Explain the Gram staining technique in chronological order. Indicate the reagent used and the time of usage on each reagent.