While hyperinflations are always caused by rapid growth in the money supply, they can be intensified by the actions of households and firms trying to protect themselves from inflation by spending money as soon as they receive it. During a hyperinflation, the velocity of money is likely to Use the quantity equation to show how the change in velocity affects the inflation rate. Holding the growth rate of real GDP constant, this change in velocity must inflation. have no effect on decrease increase image 2
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- The “prime” interest rate is the rate that bankscharge their best customers. Based on the nominalinterest rates and inflation rates in Table 19.10, inwhich of the years would it have been best to be alender? Based on the nominal interest rates and inflationrates in Table 19.10, in which of the years given wouldit have been best to be a borrower?Congratulationst You have been appointed an economic policy adviser to the United States, You are told that the economy is significantly abowe futtemplyoment GDP. Based on this inlormation, how can the economy would adjust to reach LR.SR Equilbrium (Classical View)? The economy wilt experience low unemployment rate, pushing wages up, and increasing the pelces of a key input (labor). shatting the sAS to the left (up). The economy will experience high unemployment rate, pushing wages down, and reducing the prices of a key input (labor). shiting the SAS to the right (down). The econoriny wil experience low unemployment rate, decreasing inceme, which will eventually shift the AD to the left. The eooncmy will experience low unemployment rate, pushing wages up, and increasing the prices of a key input (labor), shiting the sAs to the night (down).Economics How are aggregate output and the real interest rate determined in compettive egulbum? OA The aggregate oulput can be found by multiplying current employment by current real wage at the intesection of the current labour supply and demand curves, given the raal inderest rate. and ssubtracting the level of investment in the economy OB. Cument aggregata output and the real interest rate are determined by the intersection of the output supoly and demand ouves OC. Cunent aggregate output can be found by finding current employment from the intersection of the current labour supply and domand ourves given the real interest rate and aocounting tor total tactor productivity OD. The real interest rate is determined by the slope of the output supply curve at a given level of aggregate output
- Suppose that in Macroland the consumption and the investment have a negative relationship withthe real interest rate and positive relationship with Y. The Central Bank of the country targets acertain nominal interest rate and lets the money supply adjust in order to reach that interest rate.a. Draw a graph of the IS-LM model in this situation.b. Suppose that the Central Bank announces an increase of the interest rate in the future.Represent graphically the initial position of IS-LM curves. Then, show the IS-LM curves of thefuture, after the announced increase in the interest rate is implemented. (Assume that the ISis constant.).c. Suppose that agents today take into consideration the resulting income of the future whendeciding the amount of consumption and investment. Show what happens to the IS-LMcurves today after the announcement of the CB (tip: the CB is NOT increasing the nominalinterest rate today).d. The government decides to step in and avoid any deviation of Y from the initial…Assume that an economy operates according to the sticky-wage model. The nominal wagewas set to make labor supply and labor demand equal when the expected price levelequaled 120 (as measured by the consumer price index).a. Use a graph of the labor market to illustrate what happens to the quantity oflabor employed if the actual price level over the time period when wages arestuck equals 110.b. Use a graph of the production function to illustrate how the quantity of outputproduced changes if the actual price level equals 110 when the expected pricelevel is 120.c. Given the unexpectedly low price level, will this economy be operating above,below, or at the natural rate?Figure 10.3 P AS2 P2 P1 AD: Y2 Which of the following is not true in Figure 10.3: O The economy is going through a stagflationary period O The cost of crude oil has increased Output is stagnating, while inflation is increasing O Offshore wind farms are delivering cheap energy
- 1. Refer to the graph shown below. Which graph will lead to a lower real GDP and to pressure for a higher price level and inflation? Price Level D AD₂ AD LRAS Real GDP (a) Inflationary pressure hom a shit in AD A. Graph A B. Graph B C. None of the above D. Both graphs SRAS Price Level: Pa AD Y.Y. Real GDP (b) Inflationary pressure from a shift in AS LRAS SRAS, SRAS,During 2009, the Federal Reserve was easing monetary policy in an attempt to boost the economy. That same year, Congress passed the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act that cut taxes and expanded existing tax credits for working families and businesses. Figure 1 2200- As a result of this policy, 2000- g 1800- O A. GDP should increase and the effect on the interest rate should be ambiguous. AET AE4 E 1600- O B. GDP should increase and the interest rate should decrease. OC. both the interest rate and GDP should increase. O D. the interest rate should increase and the effect on GDP should be ambiguous. 1400- 1200- 1000- On January 1, 2013, the Social Security portion of the payroll tax rose from 4.2 percent to 6.2 percent and the top marginal tax rate increased to 39.6 percent from 35 percent. Assume the initial planned aggregate expenditure and interest rate were illustrated by AE, with r=5 percent. 600 400 200- Assuming that the Fed holds the money supply constant, which aggregate…Questron 3 Suppose the nominal interest rate is currently 24 per cent and expected inflation is 16 per cent. IF the expected inflastion rate doubles to 3.2 per cent, wtich of the foloving would be an implication of the Fisher effect? O The real interest ate talls by 1.6 per cent O The nominal interant rate doubies to 48 per cent O The nominal interast rate rises n 5.6 per cent O The nominal incerest rate des co 4.0 por cent
- 1Why low rate inflation is considered necessary for economic grwoth? Oa It does not affect the purchasing power of wages Ob. It indicates that the currency is in continuous demand by the people Oc taffects only the rich and not the poor Od itact as an incentive to boost in supply in the economy 2When the economy is in Keynesian macroeconomic equilibrium, planned investment is greater than actual investment. O a False O b. True 3Government fixes the floor and ceiling price which will not allow the producers to increase the price on their wish, this is a type of. O a Physical control called price pegging O b. Monetary policy control measures O. Physical control called price tagging Od. Fiscal policy control measures O e None 4Rising output coupled with falling prices is called stagflation O a. False O b. True 5The Value of marginal propensity to consume lies O a. O to 1 O b. Less than zero Oc -1 to 1 Od. Between O to 1 6The Central Bank way to control inflation is Oa Monetary policy…There is currently a political and academic controversy whether or not stimulus packagesagainst the Covid-induced economic recession will cause inflation. Professor OlivierBlanchard has warned that the stimulus package of the US-administration may lead toinflation in the US. However, he does not see inflation dangers emanating from stimulusprograms in the Eurozone. The Next Generation EU program is not only considered to be a stimulus program but also tobe a growth program, which by spending on infrastructure and climate-related investmentsis expected to lead to an increase in potential output.Analyze in an AD-AS model the impact of economic growth on actual GDP and the pricelevel. Also elaborate on the role that an additional demand stimulus could play.Use the macroeconomic policy objectives as a starting point: economic growth andincreasing employment, stable and low inflation, a sustainable balance of paymentsposition, and the reduction of inequality.o HINT: Consider what macroeconomic variables are used to measure these objectivesand which agencies keep records of these. Are they measured on a monthly,quarterly, or annual basis? How have they changed over the last months leading upto May 2022? What has been the impact of COVID and the recovery, if any? What elsecan you see or say about these variables? Have the Macroeconomic objectives beenmet