Which of the following is the best example of negative feedback for a steroid hormone? plasma membrane receptor activating a G protein plasma membrane receptor that activates the MAP Kinase pathway nuclear hormone receptor activating transcription of enzymes that synthesize the hormone nuclear receptor inhibiting its own transcription

Which of the following is the best example of negative feedback for a steroid hormone? plasma membrane receptor activating a G protein plasma membrane receptor that activates the MAP Kinase pathway nuclear hormone receptor activating transcription of enzymes that synthesize the hormone nuclear receptor inhibiting its own transcription

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter4: Principles Of Neural And Hormonal Communication

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 18RE

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A hormone molecule binds to a receptor on a cell membrane. It doesnt enter the cell; rather, the binding activates a second messenger inside the cell that triggers an amplified response to the hormonal signal. Is the signaling molecule a steroid or a nonsteroid hormone?
__________ are molecules released from a signaling cell that have effects on target cells. a. Hormones b. Neurotransmitters c. Local signaling molecules d. Pheromones e. a and b f. all of the above
Put the following steps for the outline of the growth factor signaling pathway in order: Map Kinase Kinase is Phosphorylated Proteins involved in gene transcription are activated Growth factor binds to its receptor in the cytoplasmic membrane Receptor recruits adaptor protein and GEF Autophosphorylation of tyrosine residues on the receptor Structural change of the receptor activates Tyrosine Kinase Map Kinase Kinase Kinase is phosphorylated Ras, a small GTPase, is activated by the exchange of GTP for GDP Map Kinase is Phosphorylated Map Kinase enters the nucleus
Hormone H regulates these effects via its receptors which are found at both the cell surface (csRH) and within the cell (içRH). The signalling pathways that become activated in the presence of hormone H are depicted and described below. hormone H. H H extracellular fluid inactive GTP inactive RAS Lyn cell-surface receptor for H (csR») icR GDP RAS-GTP hexose metabolism cell survival H icR G, phase (resting) Raf HK GSK-3P MEK M G2 icR - hexose kinase ERK promoter HRE CDK1 Cyclin A nucleus cyclin A Fos A promoter Created in BioRender.com bio Signalling via the cell surface receptor Hormone H mediates its cell cycle stimulatory and pro-survival effects by binding to and activating the cell surface hormone H receptor (csRH). The activated CSRH activates Lyn, which activates RAS and ultimately the Raf/MEK/ERK kinase cascade. Active ERK: o phosphorylates and inactivates GSK-3B. Inhibition of GSK-3ß promotes cell survival. inhibits p27, preventing it from inhibiting cell cycle progression.…
Which of the following statements is FALSE? The mammalian glucocorticoid receptor Choose one of the answers below awaits the steroid hormone at the cell surface and is internalized into the cytoplasm upon glucocorticoid binding. is a hormone-dependent transcription factor. may act as an activator or repressor of transcription depending on the promoter it acts on. is sequestered in the cytoplasm by HSP90 as long as the glucocorticoid is absent. does not require phosphorylation by protein kinase A to bind DNA.
Some cancer cells release their own grown hormone rather than relying on growth hor- mones from elsewhere in the host organism. Which of the following describes the type of cell communication used by these cancer cells to promote their continued division? A juxtacrine signaling B с D endocrine signaling paracrine signaling autocrine signaling
Which of the following is True about the STAT signaling cascade? O It amplifies signal for TGF-B family of Growth Factors O It amplifies signal for cytokine receptors O It amplifies signal for receptor tyrosine kinases O It amplifies the signal for Notch
When a cell secretes a growth factor that binds to receptors on neighboring cells of different type causing them to proliferate this is an example of endocrine signaling O autocrine signaling O direct intercellular signaling O paracrine signaling O contact-dependent signaling
Which of the following is the best description of how a G protein coupled receptor responds to a ligand binding? O Binding of ligand to the receptor causes the G protein to swap out GTP for GDP Binding of ligand to the receptor causes the G proteins to dimerize and trigger cross-phosphorylation Binding of ligand to the receptor causes the G protein to become activated, then the G protein travels through the plasma membrane to activate an enzyme Binding of ligand to the G protein triggers it to swap out GDP for GTP, causing it to become activated OOO O
What is the difference between a G protein and a receptor tyrosine kinase? Give an example of a hormone that uses each.
Place the following steps (showing how a steroid hormone changes the activities of its target cells) in order of what happens first, second, third, fourth, and last. Refer to image. The hormone-receptor complex enters the nucleus of the cell and binds to the DNA. The steroid hormone passes through the cell membrane. The hormone attaches to a receptor in the cytoplasm, forming a hormone-receptor complex. A gene in the DNA is activated, and transcription and translation take place. Proteins that alter the cell′s activities, such as enzymes, are made. 2. Place the following steps (showing how a hydrophilic hormone changes the activities of its target cells) in order of what happens first, second, third, and last. Refer to image. The activity of the target cell is changed by the final enzyme in the cascade. The second messenger activates or deactivates certain enzymes in a cascade fashion. A second messenger is activated. Hormone binds to a receptor protein.
What do steroid hormone signaling and receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling have in common? Their pathways involve G-proteins that are activated by GDP-GTP exchange. They both result in gene transcription. They both use the second messenger cAMP. The receptors are both enzymes.