Which of the following is an "ecological" variable, that is, an exposure or an outcome that needs to be examined using ecological study designs?
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Which of the following is an "ecological" variable, that is, an exposure or an outcome that needs to be examined using ecological study designs?
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- Why are the four main topics of ecological risk analysis important to risk assessment?The following characteristics describe a cross-sectional study: A. The outcome is at the individual-level B. The exposure is at the group-level C. The outcome is at the neighborhood level D. People are recruited into the study based on disease status or having a condition. E.This study design is particularly susceptible to the ecologic fallacyWhat ecological approach is used in identifying a pattern of change in a community or environment?
- How is a holistic view useful in dealing with a problem that concerns human-environmental interactions? Explain with a specific example.What are the four main steps of the framework for ecological risk analysis in Human and Ecological Risk Assessment?What are the three important criteria for determining an ecological assessment endpoint? Why are they important?
- How are the four main topics of ecological risk analysis used?In his discussion of ethics and the environment, Velasquez concludes that Select one or more than one: a. companies must recognize the interrelationships of systems ecological b. consumers are to blame for ecological deterioration c. the ecofeminist approach is the best d. companies are to blame for ecological deterioration e. for reasons of justice, we have obligations towards future generations f. concern for the environment began in the last two decades 20th century g. companies do not have ethical obligations with respect to the environmentQuadrat sampling is a method by which organisms in a certain proportion (sample) of the habitat are counted directly. As with all sampling methods, it is used to estimate population parameters when the organisms present are too numerous to count in total. It can be used to estimate population abundance (number), density, frequency of occurrence, and distribution. Quadrats may be used without a transect when studying a relatively uniform habitat. In this case, the quadrat positions are chosen randomly using a random number table. The general procedure is to count all the individuals (or estimate their percentage cover) in a number of quadrats of known size and to use this information to work out the abundance or percentage cover value for the whole area. The number of quadrats used and their size should be appropriate to the type of organism involved (e.g. grass vs tree). Estimated average density Total number of individuals counted Number of quadrats X area of each quadrat Guidelines…
- Environmental and conservation leaders agree that incorporating science into policy needs to be prioritized over public education (Rose et al. 2018). True FalseWhat are the economic, environmental and/or biological implications of the following scenarios? Give specific examples. a. Absence of government agencies responsible for conservation and sustainabilityGive an example of control systems, artifacts, or processes.feedback that exists in your community in the following areas:• Health• Transport• Habitat