What is TRUE about the reaction below? Select one: O a. The reaction has the same rate when the base is replaced by aniline. O b. There are two products formed in this reaction OC. An aldol condensation reaction will occur. d. The presence of the aromatic aldehyde hinders the reaction to occur. H O -OH
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- What explains why many aldehydes and ketones can undergo self- condensation reactions in basic conditions? A. The alpha carbon can lose a proton and act like a nucleophile and the carbonyl carbon a an electrophile B. The alpha carbon can gain a proton and act like an electrophile and the carbonyl carbon is a nucleophile C. The oxygen of the carbonyl group can attack the carbon of the carbonyl group D. Only esters can undergo self-condensation reactionsWhat is the importance of proton transfer in the formation of ester? A.The carbonyl carbon is easily attacked by the nucleophile. B. The oxygen that has been attached to the two alkyl groups will become stable. C. The removal of a bulky substituent attached to the reactive site stabilizes the compound. D. none of the aboveIn the acid catalyzed halogenation of ketones, what is the rate determining step? A. The first step: protonation of the ketone. B. The very last step in the mechanism, namely, loss of a hydrogen ion to form the product. C. Loss of a proton from the alpha-carbon of the protonated ketone to form an enol intermediate. D. Attachment of a halogen molecule to the enol intermediate.
- 8. Using the Enamines as nucleophiles, draw the final product. N-H H*The synthesis of cyanoacrylates would involve 1. A Claisen condensation. 2. An aldol reaction. 3. A Michael reaction. 4. A Dieckmann reaction.Lab 4: Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones 2. Which of the following reagents or tests would you use to differentiate between sxiT CH,CH,CH, -Ċ-H and a. Iodoform b. Chromic acid c. Tollens' d. DNP e. More than one answer is correct. Explain your answer:
- A compound known as Hagemann’s ester can be prepared by treating a mixture of formaldehyde and ethyl acetoacetate first with base and then with acid and heat. Write the structure for the product of each of the steps.a. The first step is an aldol-like condensation.b. The second step is a Michael addition.c. The third step is an intramolecular aldol addition.d. The final transformation includes a dehydration and a hydrolysis followed by a decarboxylation.Identify the starting materials for these target molecules. Only go back one step in the reaction – meaning cleave the target molecule and translate those - synthons into synthetic equivalents. a. b. N N Target Molecule Ph Target Molecule4) When a mixture of two different compounds both containing a hydrogens are placed under acidic or basic conditions, crossed aldol products can be formed. By either self-condensation or cross condensations. Draw the 4 aldol and 4 a.B-unsaturated ketones that can be made from the following mixed system. -OH 4 products One way to control this is by either having only one compound with a hydrogens or by reacting the desired nucleophile with lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) before addition of second carbonyl. The issue here is that this reaction stops at the aldol unless excess base is used. он LDA OH heat Show a synthetic scheme of how to use the following carbonyls to control the formation of each cross product (i.e. each as nucleophile and electrophile, two reactions). and
- The following reaction takes place several times faster than the reaction of 2-chlorobutane with HO-: a. Explain the enhanced reaction rate.b. Explain why the OH group in the product is not bonded to the carbon that was bonded to the Cl group in the reactant.10. Which species is acting as the nucleophile in this reaction? а. Н b. CE c. The carbocation cr d. The pi bondIdentify the nucleophile that attacks the carbocation intermediate in the acid catalyzed hydration is shown A. HO- B. H2O C. H+ D. H3O+