What is the role of ATP in cell signaling in biochemistry?
Q: 7) What are adipocytes? 8) Define the following terms: a. Hydrophobic
A: The cell is the term generally defined to mean that they are a primary structural and well-stated…
Q: 4. Would you expect this absorption function to be the same for all cell types and for all…
A: The absorbtion is the process by which the cell takes water inside it . x = rate of absorbtion an…
Q: Membrane carriers resemble enzymes except for the fact that carriersa. are not proteins.b. do not…
A: A membrane carrier is a molecule that is involved in the movement of ions, small molecules, and…
Q: 1) How is the TCA cycle regulated? a) Draw the TCA diagram that fills in all possible regulation…
A: The citric acid cycle involves the oxidation of acetyl CoA to CO2 and H2O. It is the first common…
Q: From what you have learned in Biology, why is membrane potential essential among plants and animals?
A: Membrane potential is the potential gradient which is created due to difference in electric…
Q: 2.What is the difference between storage lipids and membrane lipids? Describe why membranes can only…
A: Plasma membrane of cell is composed of lipid bilayer molecule that acts as barrier and provides…
Q: 20 of 41 Which of the following is directly activated by NO? O Guanyl cyclase O CAMP O PLC O GTP GDP
A: The dynamic contact of cells with the extracellular matrix, mediated by integrins and regulated by…
Q: 1. Which amino acids would most likely be found in the transmembrane spanning region of an integral…
A: Amino acids are the constituents or sub units of protein molecules. There are two functional groups…
Q: Creatine Kinase: a. Is the enzyme that can catalyze the reaction in which a phosphate group from…
A: Creatine kinase is an enzyme found in the heart, brain, skeletal muscle, and other tissues. When…
Q: 21. Which enzyme is capable of transporting phosphate in a glycolytic pathway? B. isomerase A.…
A: Hexokinases are enzymes with broad specificity that catalyzes the phosphorylation of six-carbon…
Q: How do peroxisomes quench the reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced or that has entered the cells
A: Reactive oxygen species (ROS): These are highly reactive products of oxygen. It includes peroxidase,…
Q: 8. In considering PDC regulation, why are reactants typically activators, and why are products…
A: The TCA cycle is an important pathway in metabolism. They are amphibolic in nature, can be both…
Q: 2. If activity of enzyme D is regulated by phosphorylation, is it possible that enzyme D is also…
A: Since you have asked multiple question, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…
Q: 18. Adenosine triphosphate or ATP is the energy currency of the cell. Which of the following…
A: According to our guideline we can answer only the first three subparts of a question and we must…
Q: 8. The existence of a concentration gradient of glucose across a membrane means that there is a high…
A: Given: The existence of a concentration gradient of glucose across a membrane. Plasma membrane is…
Q: 8. You are testing a drug that is an allosteric regulator of PFK-1 and get the following data. Is…
A: As there are many questions given in one, solution is provided only to the first question (question…
Q: What statement is correct regarding the synthesis of actin monomers? a) They would be…
A: Actin filaments are synthesized near the plasma membrane on ribosomes so there will be higher actin…
Q: 1) Amino acids that contain hydroxyl groups in their R-groups can be phosphorylated during cellular…
A: Protein phosphorylation is a process of reversible protein post-translational modification. Here, an…
Q: 4. Is the G, phase a truly resting phase? If the cells in G, are not truly resting, why do you think…
A: A cell cycle is a progression of occasions that happens in a cell as it develops and isolates. A…
Q: 4. How does compromised pyruvate kinase activity lead to anemia ?
A: Anemia is a disorder in which the body does not have enough healthy red blood cells to transport…
Q: 1. Why is there a need to regulate the metabolic activity of the cells?
A: As you posted multiple questions,we are supposed to answer only one question. Please repost the…
Q: 3. Alkaloid caffeine contained in coffee sceds causes hyperglycemia and has a stimulatory effect,…
A: Caffeine in coffee seeds cause hyperglycemia it is true. After meal our blood sugar level is higher…
Q: Glucose cannot enter easily inside the cell and require insulin to do so. What type of…
A: Glucose transporters are a wide group of membrane proteins that facilitate the transport of glucose…
Q: Pancreatic beta cells secrete the protein hormone insulin in response to various signals. Which of…
A: insulin stored in membrane bound vesicles adjacent to the plasma membrane and get released from…
Q: 2. If activity of enzyme D is regulated by phosphorylation, is it possible that enzyme D is also…
A: Enzymes are biological catalysts that help chemical processes occur faster. Enzymes are proteins…
Q: 5. How does the epinephrine hormone regulate glycogen catabolism in the liver and muscle? Please…
A: The reserve food material in the animal body is the glycogen. Glycogen aids in providing energy to…
Q: 8. A steroid hormone was found to be abnormally high in a person who perennially suffers from…
A: Steroid hormones are mainly released by the adrenal glands present ,above the kidneys. Adrenal…
Q: The enzyme, glycogen phosphorylase, requires regulation for its maximal activity. O A. both…
A: Glycogen is a storage polysaccharide, which is stored mainly in muscle and liver cells. Glycogen…
Q: 7. Organophosphates, which are found in a lot of insecticides, block the activity of…
A: Acetylcholinesterase is the primary cholinesterase in the body. It is an enzyme that catalyzes the…
Q: 1. Dehydrogenase with H₂N-KKRRRPRPKPAPASAMEWANTWENTY...-COOH a. Provide the amino acid sequence of…
A: The signal peptide have a significant role in protein targeting and protein translocation in both…
Q: 1e. In the above signalling diagram, hormone H binds to both an intracellular and a cell surface…
A: Cell signalling is a way adopted by the cells of a body to communicate with each other so that they…
Q: 2. In the sports camp, a group of students have been intensively swimming in a pool for 60 minutes…
A: The meal consist of carbohydrate, proteins and fats. The digestion of carbohydrates starts from the…
Q: 2. Which of the following is false about allosteric feedback inhibition? a) Bacterial enzyme system…
A: Feedback inhibition is a biological regulatory mechanism in which the final product of an enzyme…
Q: 1. Why is the use of monosodium glutamate (MSG) highly debated?
A: MSG stands for monosodium glutamate. It is a form of amino acid that is known to be already present…
Q: Describe the constitutive and regulated enzyme level within the cell.
A: Enzymes are proteinaceous biomolecules that catalyze the biochemical reactions taking place at the…
Q: What is the difference between calorie, ATP and GTP? How is GTP converted to ATP? Also explain the…
A: ATP is the source of energy in the body. ATP is made up of one adenosine bonded with three phosphate…
Q: 7) a) What are the molecular products of glycolysis, and what is the net amount of them that yo…
A: Glycolysis/EMP pathway Glycolysis is the sequence of 10 enzyme catalyzed reactions that converts…
Q: 6. With the presence of fast-food chains, many people have the opportunity to «have a quick bite»…
A: Carbohydrate catabolism is the process by which carbohydrates are broken down to provide energy in…
Q: 7. The sites of synthesis of glycosaminoglycans is A. Mitochondria and Golgi apparatus B.…
A: Glycosaminoglycans(GAGs) are heteropolysaccharides that are made up of both carbohydrates and amino…
Q: 3) A common method for the formation of compounds such as glucose-6-phosphate and…
A: The first law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it…
Q: Nucleotides play a variety of roles in the cell. Give an example of a nucleotide that acts in each…
A: Note: Since you have posted a question with multiple subparts, we will solve the first three…
Q: 3.Cell surface receptors used in cell signalling are usually proteins that extene of the membrane to…
A: The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a non-cellular portion that serves as a structural scaffold for…
Q: Now that you have successfully phosphorylated tyrosine, your boss wants you to dephosphorylate it.…
A: Phosphorylation is the addition of the phosphate group to the amino residues of the substrate…
Q: 2. Prolactin (pictured below) is a peptide hormone produced by your body. It is most commonly…
A: Prolactin is a single chain of amino acids mainly consist of three disulphide bonds, in between six…
Q: 1. Which of these compounds will cross the cell membrane without the aid of a membrane transport…
A: Transport through a membrane is carried by passive or simple diffusion, facilitated, and active…
Q: 2. What are the effects of Glucose-6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency? Explain its mechanism of…
A:
Q: 6.What is true about electric potential and electrolytic cells? A.Electrolytic cells depend on an…
A: An electrolytic cell is defined as an electrochemical cell. It is often used to decompose chemical…
1. What is the role of ATP in cell signaling in biochemistry?
Trending now
This is a popular solution!
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
- 10. In the figure below, match each letter with the molecule or the protein it corresponds to. B D GTP ● F C AMP Adenylyl cyclase Phosphodiesterase G protein Adrenaline CAMP Second messenger GPCR ATP E (A)98.Describe the mechanism for fast ligand-gated channels and the types of changes they can produce in the cell membrane.14) Which of the following correctly ranks the steps in the secretory pathway? 1. Active PKA subunits phosphorylate targets in the cell, regulating function. 2. The catalytic subunits of PKA dissociate. 3. Gprotein a subunit exchanges bound GDP for GTP. 4. CAMP binds to the regulatory subunits of PKA, activating it. 5. Ga subunit dissociates from complex and activates adenylate cyclase. 6. Ligand (hormone) binds to receptor. 7. Activated adenylate cyclase produces CAMP from ATP.
- 6. Where do the phosphate groups come from that are added to the proteins during phosphorylation? a. What are the enzymes called that perform phosphorylation? 7. In the diagram, identify the steps that represent reception (a), transduction (b), and response (c) in the phosphorylation pathway. 8. Phosphatases are enzymes that remove phosphate groups from proteins. Can you imagine a role for these enzymes in the signal transduction process? In other words, what would happen if the activated proteins continued to be active for a long period of time?19. Which of the following statements is FALSE? A) Nucleotides and amino acids can act as extracellular signal molecules. B) Some signal molecules can bind directly to intracellular proteins that bind DNA and regulate gene transcription. C) Some signal molecules are transmembrane proteins. D) Answer: Dissolved gases such as nitric oxide (NO) can act as signal molecules, but because they cannot interact with proteins they must act by affecting membrane lipids. Explanation:6)During the epinephrine signaling pathway we learned about in class, the enzyme glycogen phosphorylase is regulated by: Zymogen activation Competitive inhibition Allosteric regulation Covalent modification
- 8. Which of the following ion transport functions must be carried out by a pump? a. transport of Na+ from the extracellular space to the cytosol b. transport of glucose from the extracellular space to the cytosol c. transport of K+ from the cytosol to the extracellular space d. transport of Na+ from the cytosol to the nucleus e. transport of Na+ from the cytosol to the extracellular space.3. When adrenaline binds to adrenergic receptors on the surface of skeletal muscle cells, it activates the beta2 adrenergic signalling pathway. Indicate how glycogen levels would be affected in the presence of adrenaline in the following skeletal muscle cells, which have defects in intracellular signalling components of the beta2 adrenergic pathway. Would they be higher or lower than in normal cells treated with adrenaline, and why? (a) cells that lack adenylyl cyclase (b) cells that lack the GPCR (c) cells that lack CAMP phosphodiesterase (d) cells that have an a subunit that cannot hydrolyse GTP but can interact properly with the B and y subunits175. A 70-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 1-month history of heavy, pressing substernal chest pain that occurs when he walks up a flight of stairs. The symptoms are relieved by rest. The physician prescribes a drug to alleviate the symptoms. Within the cell, the drug acts by breaking down into a compound that binds to a protein to increase intracellular concentrations of cGMP, resulting in vasodilation. This binding most likely occurs in which of the following cell locations? A) Cytosol B) Golgi complex C) Mitochondria D) Nucleus E) Peroxisome F) Plasma membrane
- Explain The Sevenless signaling pathway?98. The correct sequence of cell signaling is8) Indicate which of the five major types of membrane protein (adhesion, enzymatic, recognition, receptor, and transport) is most likely to be involved in each of the situations described below: a) An oncologist wants to study the cells from a certain tumour that has been surgically removed from a patient. However, she must first treat the tumour with a solution affects a membrane protein on the tumour cells. Because of the effect of the solution on the membrane protein, the tumour tissue falls apart into individual cells. Type of membrane protein: b) Farmer Jebediah wakes up in the morning and makes himself an extra-strong coffee. The caffeine in the coffee attaches to a protein in the plasma membrane of his neurons, inducing a signal transduction cascade and causing Farmer Jebediah to be more alert Type of membrane protein: