What is Lanthanoid contraction? What are its two consequences?

Chemistry: Principles and Practice
3rd Edition
ISBN:9780534420123
Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward Mercer
Publisher:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward Mercer
Chapter20: Chemistry Of Hydrogen, Elements In Group 3a Through 6a, And The Noble Gases
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 20.46QE
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What is Lanthanoid contraction? What are its two consequences? 

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Lanthanoid contraction: A regular decrease in the size of Lanthanide ion due to increases in nuclear force of attraction (which increases as the atomic number increases) and imperfect shielding of valence electron by 4f-orbitals.

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