What is Constant Flow Method? Discuss some applications whereby the Constant Flow Method is used in real life. What is Convection in a liquid? Discuss some applications whereby Convection in a liquid is used in real life.
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What is Constant Flow Method? Discuss some applications whereby the Constant Flow Method is used in real life.
What is Convection in a liquid? Discuss some applications whereby Convection in a liquid is used in real life.
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- 1. What is Heat Conduction through a solid? Discuss some applications whereby Heat Conduction in a solid is used in real life. 2. What is Constant Flow Method? Discuss some applications whereby the Constant Flow Method is used in real life. 3. What is Convection in a liquid? Discuss some applications whereby Convection in a liquid is used in real life.Heat Transfer Lesson The water will be heated from 10 (Degrees centigrade oC) to 90 (Degrees centigrade oC) while flowing through a smooth pipe with 1.5 cm inner diameter and 7 meters length.The entire surface of the pipe is equipped with an electric heater, which ensures uniform heating throughout.The outer surface of the heater is well insulated and therefore all heat generated in the heater in continuous operation is transferred to the water in the pipe.If the system provides 6 Liter / minute flow rate of hot water. (Thermophysical properties of water at 50 oC:ρ = 988 m3/kg, k= 0.6305 W/m oC, cp=4181 J/kg oC, Pr=3.628, μ= 0.0005471 kg/m.s ) a)Find the power of the resistance heater [W]. b)Calculate the inner surface temperature [oC] of the pipe at the outlet. c)Find the pressure drop [Pa]. d)Find the pump power [W] required to overcome this pressure drop.Volumetric thermal expansion is used in modeling natural convection heat transfer. Derive an expression for volumetric thermal expansion coefficient for an ideal gas.
- 3. A food product with 80% moisture content in a 7 cm diameter can wants to be frozen. The density of the product is 1000 kg / m³, the thermal conductivity is 1.0 W / (m K), and the initial freezing temperature is -2 ° C. After 11 hours in the freezing medium -30 ° C, the product temperature becomes -10 ° C. Estimate the convection heat transfer coefficient of the freezing medium. Assume the can as an infinite cylinder. h = Answer W / (m² K).A heater coil is completely immersed in an oil bath that is insulated on all sides except for the top where the oil is in direct contact with the surrounding air that is maintained at a constant temperature, Oair. At t=0s, the coil is switched on and provides in watts of electrical power to the oil which has a thermal mass of moil and an initial temperature of Oinit-oil. The temperature of the oil is denoted by oil and the thermal resistance between the oil and air is Roil-air- a) Draw a schematic of the system clearly labeling the (assumed) directions of the heat transfer rates and the temperature at every node. b) Derive the governing differential equation for the temperature of the oil, oil- c) Where does Oinit-oil appear in the system schematic and how does it affect the governing equations? d) Derive an expression for the steady-state temperature of the oil as a function of the various system parameters.As a researcher in the field of heat transfer, how will you distinguish between radiation by black body and a real body? Explain briefly Point out and briefly explain the various factors affect the thermal conductivity of a material. What is the analogical reason between heat transfer by conduction and flow of electricity through ohmic resistance? Use a composite wall of a building to illustrate the concept. A composite slab with three layers of thermal conductivities k1, k2, k3 and thickness t1, t2, t3 respectively, are placed in a close contact. Derive an expression from the first principle for the heat flow through the composite slab per unit surface area in terms of the overall temperature difference across the slab. Based upon the reradiating properties of absorptivity, reflectivity and transmissivity, how would you distinguish between the following:Black body, white body, transparent body and opaque body. The nature of surfaces affects the absorption and the reflection of…
- Model the following heat transfer situations. Specify heat flows and storages. Try to write down the mathematical expressions. (i) Solar heating of the road surface (ii) A steam pipe passing through an open space between two buildings (iii) Heat transfer from a person in a warm room in the cold season (iv) Pressure cooker-warming up-cooling down (v) Pressure cooker-steady conditions (vi) A rod with one end in a furnace and the remaining surface in atmosphere (vii) A wire carrying current, exposed to air (viii) A water heater (electrical) with hot water being drawn out with cold water admission. (ix) Cake being baked in an oven or a fruit placed in a refrigeration (x) A frying pan placed on a stove. 1.2 Choose the correct statement in each question. (i) A pipe carrying steam at about 300°C traverses a room, the air being still at 30°C. The major fraction of the heat loss will be by (a) conduction to the still air (b) convection to the air (c) radiation to the surroundings…A food product wants to be produced in a small round shape (pellet) by freezing it in a water blast freezer freezer. Air freezer operates at -30 ° C. The initial product temperature is 25 ° C. The pellet has a diameter of 1 cm, and a density of 980 kg / m³. The initial freezing temperature is -2.5 ° C. The latent heat of freezing of the product is 280 kJ / kg. The thermal conductivity of the frozen product is 1.9 W / (m ° C). The convective heat transfer coefficient is 50 W / (m² K). Calculate the freeze time. t f = .... hour.Q2: A 2.5-cm-diameter steel pipe is maintained at 100'C by condensing steam on the inside. The pipe is to be used for dissipating heat to a surrounding room at 20-C by placing circular steel fins around the outside surface of the pipe. The convection loss from the pipe and fins occurs by free convection, with h = 8.0 W/m C. Examine several cases of fin thickness, fin spacing, and fin outside diameters to determine the overall heat loss per meter of pipe length. Take k 43 W/m C for the steel fins and assume h is uniform over all surfaces. Fins
- Indirect Cooling With Liquid Nitrogen. You are designing a system to cool an insulated silver plate of dimensions 2.00 cm × 2.00 cm × 0.60 cm. One end of a thermally insulated copper wire (diameter D = 2.70 mm and length L = 18.0 cm) is dipped into a vat of liquid nitrogen (T = 77.2 K), and the other end is attached to the bottom of the silver plate.(a) If the silver plate starts at room temperature (65.0 °F), what is the initial rate of heat flow between the plate and the liquid nitrogen reservoir?(b) Assuming the rate of heat flow calculated in part (a), estimate the temperature of the silver plate after 30.0 seconds.Discussions: Use illustrations if necessary.1. Explain the meaning of heat transfer and its concepts.2. Enumerate and discuss the different modes of heat transfer and their applications.3. Explain the concept of thermal resistances and their limitations.4. Explain the concept of thermal contact resistance and their significance on heattransfer of walls.5. Explain the concept of critical radius of insulation on spherical and cylindrical walls.Number 4 A food product wants to be produced in a small round shape (pellet) by freezing it in a water blast freezer freezer. Air freezer operates at -25°C. The initial product temperature is 25°C. The pellet has a diameter of 1.2 cm, and a density of 980 kg/m³. The initial freezing temperature is -2.5°C. The latent heat of freezing of the product is 280 kJ/kg. The thermal conductivity of the frozen product is 1.9 W/(m °C). The convective heat transfer coefficient is 40 W/(m² K). Calculate the freeze time. tf = answer in hour