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- Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a condition where the action of antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin) is inhibited. If normal urine concentration is 300 mOsm/L, what would you expect the urine concentration to be of a patient with DI?The steroid nandrolone, which is found naturally in horses, is administered to racing horses to aid in recovery. Because it is an anabolic steroid, nandrolone levels in excess of normal background levels disqualify a horse from racing. For example, to race in the Kentucky Derby, a gelding (a castrated male horse) may have no more than 1 ng/mL in the urine, whereas an unaltered male horse may have no more than 45 ng/mL of the metabolite estrane-3,17-diol in the urine. Knowing that nandrolone is an anabolic steroid, which hormone would you expect it to closely resemble? (testosterone cortisol O progesterone O epinephrine antidiuretic hormone During metabolism, carbon 3 and carbon 4 of nandrolone are reduced, forming the metabolite estrane-3,17-diol. Modify nandrolone to give estrane-3,17-diol. Select Draw Rings More Erase S с O 0 H ✪ ا قد 2 oIf 1.1 grams of creatinine pass through the kidneys in a 24 hour period, what amount would you expect to find in the urine in the same time frame? 00 0.5 0.85 0 11
- A 26-year-old woman reports that she has a severe migraine and has taken six times more than the recommended dose of aspirin for the past 3 days to relieve her headaches. Her plasma pH is 7.24. Which of the following would you expect to find compared with normal? Group of answer choices Increased NH4+ excretion Decreased NH4+ excretion No change in NH4+ excretion none of the aboveA two-month old child was admitted to hospital after failure to thrive. The “boy”, whose external genitalia were ambiguous, was found to have elevated blood pressure, but no dehydration. The following measurements were made on a plasma sample taken on admission: Variable Result Reference Range Urea (mM) 6.2 2.5 - 7.0 Creatinine (μ�M) 95 60 - 120 Glucose (mM) 4.3 3.5 - 5.5. (fasting) Na+ (mM) 170 134 -147 K+ (mM) 2.8 3.5 - 5.0 11 -deoxycortisol (nM) 57 <10 Deoxycorticosterone (nM) 1.3 <0.4 Cortisol (nM) 22 138 - 690 Testosterone (nM) 7.4 0.5 -3.2 (adult female) 5 - 40 (adult male) The concentrations of progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone and ∆4-androstenedione were also increased above the reference range. A chromosome analysis showed that the child was a genotypic female (46, XX karyotype). A consultant obstetrician initially diagnosed congenital adrenal hyperplasia, however they were confused by the…Figure 6 shows measurements of body weight and urinary electrolyte excretion rates in a female before and after taking aldosterone supplements for 3 days. Electrolytes intake rates remained constant throughout. Based on the observed changes in electrolyte excretion and the roles of aldosterone, what could be the reason of the increased body weight during aldosterone treatment? Body weight (kg) Urinary excretion (mmal 24 h-¹) 66.5 66.0 65.5 65.0 64.5 130 110- 90 70 50 0 B 4 8 2 3 Na+ +Aldosterone >> 6 Days Figure 6 (Source: McGeown, 2007)
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- Prepared or fast foods contain high levels of sodium. An excess of sodium in the diet can increase blood pressure and increase your risk of heart attack. The average student consumes many prepared foods, resulting in an excess of sodium in the diet.Excess sodium affects aldosterone secretion and sodium ion absorption in the kidneys, respectively, in the following way: Select one: a. Aldosterone Secretion Sodium Ion Reabsorption Decreases Decreases b. Aldosterone Secretion Sodium Ion Reabsorption Decreases Increases c. Aldosterone Secretion Sodium Ion Reabsorption Increases Increases d. Aldosterone Secretion Sodium Ion Reabsorption Increases DecreasesA 60-year-old woman with history of lung cancer is admitted for weakness and lethargy for 4 weeks. Her serum [Na*] is 120 mEq/L. She weighs 60 kg. Her serum osmolality is 250 mOsm/kg H2O with urine osmolality of 616 mOsm/kg H2O. The diagnosis of SIADH is made. What would be her serum [Na], if she receives 1 L of isotonic saline? A. 122 mEq/L B. 116 mEq/L C. 118 mEq/L D. 120 mEq/L E. 124 mEq/LA 65-kg man is participating in a research study for which it is necessary to know the volumes of his body fluid compartments. To measure these volumes, the man is injected with 100 mci (millicurie) of H0 and 500 mg of mannitol. During a 2-hour equilibration period, he excretes 10% of the H,0 and 10% of the mannitol in his urine. Following equilibration, the concentration of H,0 in plasma is 0.213 mCi/100 ml and the concentration of mannitol is 3.2 mg/100 mL. • What is his total body water, his ECF volume, and his ICF volume? is the man's total body water appropriate for his weight?