Using the concept of externalities, discuss the economic rationale for government intervention in the market for alcohol. Assess the relative merits of using either taxation or minimum unit pricing to address any issues you have identified in your answer to the first part of the question. (1.2k words)
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- PRICE (Dollars per ton) 80 72 64 56 48 40 32 24 16 B Demand 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 QUANTITY (Millions of tons) Graph Input Tool Daily Demand for Pollution Rights Price 8 (Dollars per ton) Quantity Demanded (Millions of tons) 225 Suppose the government has determined that the socially optimal quantity of sulfur dioxide emissions is 125 million tons per day. One way governments can charge firms for pollution rights is by imposing a per-unit tax on emissions. A tax (or price in this case) of $ of sulfur dioxide emitted will achieve the desired level of pollution. per ton Now suppose the U.S. government does not know the demand curve for pollution and, therefore, cannot determine the optimal tax to achieve the desired level of pollution. Instead, it auctions off pollution permits. Each permit entitles its owner to emit one ton of sulfur dioxide per day. To achieve the socially optimal quantity of pollution, the government auctions off 125 million pollution permits. Given…COURSE: MICROECONOMICS - TAX REGULATIONS The local diesel market is represented by Q = (912 - P)/12.5 and Q = (P - 315)/11where P is in dollars (USD) per liter of fuel and Q shows liters of fuel (in millions). Currently a tax of USD 130 per liter of diesel is charged.It is requested:(a) Calculate the amount (Q) that is transacted after the tax has been applied. Already solve few hours agob) Show in detail the calculations of a). Is there any difference between the price observed by suppliers and demanders? If so, what is the price observed by the producer and what is the price observed by the consumer? how much is the government's revenue? If there is an efficiency loss, how much is it? Already solve few hours agoc) At present, there are arguments in favor of increasing the tax on diesel and others in favor of decreasing it (at least temporarily). Mention at least ONE argument in favor of increasing this tax and ANOTHER argument in favor of decreasing it. And finally, conclude in…COURSE: MICROECONOMICS - TAX REGULATIONS The local diesel market is represented by Q = (912 - P)/12.5 and Q = (P - 315)/11where P is in dollars (USD) per liter of fuel and Q shows liters of fuel (in millions). Currently a tax of USD 130 per liter of diesel is charged.It is requested:(a) Calculate the amount (Q) that is transacted after the tax has been applied.b) Show in detail the calculations of a). Is there any difference between the price observed by suppliers and demanders? If so, what is the price observed by the producer and what is the price observed by the consumer? how much is the government's revenue? If there is an efficiency loss, how much is it? GRAPHc) At present, there are arguments in favor of increasing the tax on diesel and others in favor of decreasing it (at least temporarily). Mention at least ONE argument in favor of increasing this tax and ANOTHER argument in favor of decreasing it. And finally, conclude in favor of which argument you are in favor of.
- Suppose the the demand for a product is given by Qd = 40 − 3P , andsupply by Qs = 5 + 2P Suppose that government places a tax on consumers of 10 per unit onproducers.(a) What will be the price and quantity with the tax?(b) How much will be the consumer be paying, including the tax, for each unit that the consumer purchases?(c) How much will the government be collecting in tax revenues?(d) What is the consumer surplus now that a tax has been placed on theproduct?(e) What is the producer surplus?(f) What is the deadweight loss?per ogr 82.00 20.00 17.50 16.00 12.00 10.00 7.50 6.00 2.60 250 500 750 1000 120 1500 1750 Quantity of ehrimp (in kilogram) Government of Canada has introduced deficiency payment program with a target price equal to $1750 per kilogram of Shrimp, Government spending under the program is Select one Oa $12,500 Ob $22500 Oc $15,000PA Po Po-SPo O' M Qo Qs DI
- 13 Describe 5 positive externalities of automobiles.Bower likes to plant trees in his front year. His neighbors also derive pleasure form the trees in his front year. That is, Bower's trees provide a positive externality for the neighborhood. His marginal private benefit and the marginal social benefit (his and that received by his neighbors combined) are represented on the graph below, along with the marginal cost of planting a tree. Price, Cest (oll) $S0.00 45.00. 40.00 A 35.00 0 00 Margiaal Cot 25.00 20.00 15.00 argnel Soeiel Benett je 00 5.00 agnal hirde Bandfil 2 4 5 Quantity (mber of trees) Suppose the neighborhood subsidies Bower's trees. That is, neighbors give him enough money to plant the socially optimal number of trees. What area on the graph would be equal to the net social gain resulting form the subsidy? OA В Oc O A+ BADVANCED ANALYSIS Apply the formula for the area of a triangle (Area 2 x Base x Height) to answer the following questions. i (a) (b) Efficiency loss from underproduction Efficiency loss from overproduction a $85 $85 $59 $55 $45 $45 $35 $31 g D $5 $5 C 15 20 20 27 Quantity (bags) Quantity (bags) Price (per bag) Price (per bag)
- Prce per botie (S) The diagram to your right describes the per unit costs and revenues related to the monopoly firm NutriPowder Inc. NutriPowder Inc manufactures and sels a new food powder called NuriPowder that provides the consumer with all the essential nutnents and yet helps the consumer treduce his or her woight significantly Using the rectange drawing tool, draw the area that represents the weekly maximum total prote eamed by manufacturing and selling NutnPowder. Label it Profr. Note: if you are not prompted for a label then you have used the wrong drawing tool MC to ATC 41 20 112 MR 20 Quantity (Hundeds of bottes per week)The graph below represents the market for tubs of yoghurt. Answer the following questions assuming a positive per-unit tax is placed on tubs of yoghurt. P S 8.50 8 5.50 25 (a) The per-unit tax is placed on 50 55 (b) The size of the tax is $ [Select] [Select] Buyers that sellers receive after the tax is $ [Select] 80 85 (c) The price that buyers pay after the tax is $ [Select] (d) The quantity traded with the tax in place is receive $ [Select] (e) After the tax, buyers will pay $ [Select] relatively more [Select] (f) In the end, buyers pay [Select] D2 Q [Select] ✓ relative to the quantity traded without tax. per tub. ✓ less per tub. per tub. than sellers. per tub. The price tubs leading to more per tub. Sellers will because their demand curve isSuppose that the government imposes a tax on cigarettes. Use the diagram below to answer the questions. D is th demand curve before tax, S is the supply curve before tax and Sr is the supply curve after the tax. Price S- 18 12 10 V 8 7. ३ 10 12 Qua