Use the word bank for the best answer to fill in the blank: Navigational, transportation, nutritional, facultative, obligate, very fun, antagonistic, co-evolution, symbiosis, predatory, beta, alpha. In this mutualistic interaction between theses two organisms, the plant is benefiting from a mutualism and the fly is benefiting from a mutualism. The flower is pollinated by many different insect species making this a mutualism for the plant.
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- Mutualism often involves co-evolution of mutualists. Describe taking the example of animal plant (wasp-fig) relationship.Which of the following statements most accurately describes the example of species interactions for ants, plants and aphids Question 2 options: The burdock plant is negatively affected by a heavy aphid investation, the ants are negatively affected by the aphids and aphids are positively affected by the ants. The burdock plant is negatively affected by a heavy aphid investation, the ants are positively affected by the aphids and aphids are not affected by the ants The burdock plant is negatively affected by a heavy aphid investation, the ants are positively affected by the aphids and aphids are positively affected by the ants. The burdock plant is not affected by a heavy aphid investation, the ants are positively affected by the aphids and aphids are positively affected by the ants.Respond to the following statements in reference to the five kinds of species interactions listed below. An example of this interaction is that between an epiphyte and its host. In this interaction between two species, both species are harmed to some degree. In this interaction, both species benefit. In this interaction, one individual or species is usually killed while the other benefits by eating it. In this interaction, one species is harmed but usually not killed, to the benefit of the other that lives on or in it. a. Competition b. Predation C. Mutualism d. Commensalism e. Parasitism
- Read this quote from Charles Darwin (from Origin of Species). What is he describing? "Thus, I can understand how a flower and a bee might slowly become, either simultaneously or one after the other, modified and adapted to each other in the most perfect manner, by the continued preservation of all the individuals which presented slight deviations of structure mutually favorable to one another." An interaction network. A predator/prey cycle. O Coevolution. An obligate mutualism.Which of the following is NOT an adaptation among plants to increase access to nitrogen? Mutualistic association with fungi that convert atmospheric nitrogen into a biologically available form Carnivory of insects and other invertebrates None of the above are adaptations that increase access to nitrogen All of the above are adaptations that increase access to nitrogen Mutualistic association with bacteria that live within the root tissue and convert atmospheric nitrogen into a biologically available formErnie's school has three greenhouses, located in three parts of the school. Ernie notices that the plants in one greenhouses are smaller than the same species in the other greenhouses. Ernie's biology teacher says she has been having a problem recently with growing plants in this particular greenhouse. Ernie's lab group decides to investigate factors such as light levels, temperature, and soil nutrients in the three greenhouses. They find that these are the same for all the rooms. What additional factors would you suggest testing for, and how would each of these factors affect the growth of plants? 20
- Consider why there might be natural selection for poisonous plants to warn potential herbivores with bright colors, but why there seems to be no similar selective pressure for poisonous mushrooms to do the same. Which of the following best explains this difference? a) Fungi, like mushrooms, do not rely on photosynthesis and hence do not need to attract or warn herbivores with bright colors. Plants have a symbiotic relationship with herbivores, which is not the case for mushrooms. Mushrooms are typically more toxic than plants, so there is no need for them to develop warning colors. Most of a fungus's body is the mycelium which exists underground, hence consumption of the above-ground mushroom cap represents a comparatively smaller fitness cost than for plants, whose vital photosynthetic structures can be consumed by herbivores.European honeybees as their name suggests originated in Europe but have now spread to all continents except Antarctica. They pose an added threat to many native bee species already at risk of declining numbers or even extinction due to increasing urbanization. A research conducted in Australia has very recently published in the Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. According to the study, a competition between the native bees and the introduced European honeybee is particularly intense in residential gardens dominated by non-native flowers (the native bees have co- evolved to forage on) and occurred when the bees shared the same flower preferences. European honeybees, being very abundant, and effective foragers, with the ability to exploit a wide range of flowers, can outcompete native bees for nectar and pollen resources. In this condition, what would you suggest rescuing the native bees as a biotechnologist? Justify your reasoning.Several kinds of symbiotic relationships involve a fungus and a photoautotroph. Give two different examples of this kind of relationship. For the two examples, you choose, explain whether each relationship is parasitism, commensalism, or mutualism. Are either of the species interactions in either of your two examples beneficial for or detrimental to humans? Explain.
- . According to the video and the background information, what are the effects (direct and indirect) that elephants have on acacias? (Select all that apply.) Elephants can feed on and destroy individual acacia trees not protected by ants. Browsing by elephants induces the acacias to provide food and shelter to the ants. Loss of browsing by elephants eventually leads to the decrease of ant colonization of acacias. Reduced nutritional and physical support of ants by acacias due to loss of browsing by elephants allows other ant species and stem-boring beetles to inhabit the trees. video link : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s3blzcbll7Q&t=293sLabel the species interactions based on the effect they have on each species, positive (+), negative (-) or no effect (0). Interactions that are +/+ are called and +/0 is called an example of +/- is -- is called -/0 is called A. Mutualism; parasitism; commensalism; competition; amensalism B. Facilitation; parasitism; competition; commensalism; mutualism C. Mutualism; predation; competition; amensalism; commensalism D. Mutualism; herbivory; competition; commensalism; amensalism E. Facilitation; predation; exploitation; amensalism; phoresyWhite bedstraw naturally lives in alkaline soils, and heath bedstraw naturally lives in acidic soils. Tansley tested whether these closely related species compete and how the might coexist. Schematic results of his experiments are shown below. These results support that_ Heath bedstraw grown alone White bedstraw grown alone Both species grown together 239 Alkaline soil ✓Closely related species compete Closely related species don't compete Acidic soil Closely related species can co-exist by living on different soil types Relyea, Ecology, 9e, © 2021 W. H. Freeman and Company