Use the purple points (diamond symbol) to plot the social cost curve when the external cost is $490 per unit. PRICE (Dollars per unit of electric cars) 1400 1260 1120 980 840 700 560 420 280 140 0 O 0 O Supply (Private Cost) Demand (Private Value) Social Cost
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Externality:
Externality refers to the situation of a person engaging in activities that may influence the well-being of bystanders without any compensation payments or receipts.
When this impact benefits the bystander, it is called a positive externality and when this impact is negative to the bystander, it is called a negative externality. The negative externality is a social cost to society.
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- ASAP plz Why don't people/stores make different decisions? Cost is a factor: a case of foam take-out containers costs $25, compared with $58 for paper and recyclable-plastics. How does this affect the firm's profit? Are consumers willing to pay more? Negative externality Consider the demand and supply given above. Suppose there is an external cost given by MEC=5Q. Find social equilibrium price and quantity. Draw a graph and label both private and social equilibrium.This graph represents the tobacco industry. IPrice 16 14 Social Cost 12 10 Private Cost 8 6 4 Demand 200 500 650 Quantity a) Without any government intervention, what is the market determined price and quantity? b) What is the price of the externality? c) What is the socially optimal price and quantity? d) What should the government do (impose a tax or provide a subsidy) to internalize this externality? What is the amount of the the corrective tax/subsidy needed to be to move the outcome from the market equilibrium to the socially-optimal outcome?The optimal level of output can be achieved by levying a tax on a company producing a negative externality. This should be set a level that is equal to: a. the marginal cost of a curve b. the social marginal cost curve c. the difference between the social marginal cost and the firm’s marginal cost. d. the total of the social marginal cost and the firm’s marginal cost.
- Soybeans are produced and sold in a perfectly competitive market. The fertilizers used in soybean production generate a negative externality by seeping liquid contaminants into local rivers. (a) Draw a correctly labeled graph of the soybean market, and show each of the following. (i) The marginal private cost, labeled MPC (ii) The marginal social cost, labeled MSC (iii) The marginal social benefit, labeled MSB (iv) The market equilibrium quantity, labeled QC (v) The socially optimal quantity, labeled QS (vi) The area of the deadweight loss, shaded completely (b) Assume the government sets a binding price floor such that the quantity demanded in the market is between QS and QC. (i) What will happen to the quantity produced? (ii) Will the price floor reduce the deadweight loss? Explain. (c) Assume instead of a price floor, the government decides to impose a lump-sum tax. What will happen to the socially optimal quantity? Explain. (d) Assume instead of a lump-sum tax, the government…Externalities Do you think that there would be external effects assocociated with water from a uranium mine leaking into Kakadu National Park? If so, what would be the nature of the external effects? Can you think of policies that might deal with each external effect (that is, improve social wellbeing)?Answer the question 1. Identify an external benefit that could be generated by the presence of a shopping mall for a local residents.
- Soybeans are produced and sold in a perfectly competitive market. The fertilizers used in soybean production generate a negative externality by seeping liquid contaminants into local rivers. The local rivers are, as a result, suffering. (a) Draw a correctly labeled graph of the soybean market, and show each of the following. (i) The marginal private cost, labeled MPC (ii) The marginal social cost, labeled MSC (iii) The marginal social benefit, labeled MSB (iv) The market equilibrium quantity, labeled Qc (v) The socially optimal quantity, labeled Qs (vi) The area of the deadweight loss, shaded completely (b) Assume the government sets a binding price floor such that the quantity demanded in the market is between Qs and Qc. (i) What will happen to the quantity produced? (ii) Will the price floor reduce the deadweight loss? Explain. (c) Assume instead of a price floor, the government decides to impose a lump-sum tax. What will happen to the socially optimal quantity? Explain. (d) Assume…A natural spring runs under land owned by ten people. Each person has the right to sink a well and can take water from the spring at a constant marginal cost of $5 a litre. The table sets out the external cost and the social benefit from water. Quantity of water (litres per day) 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Marginal external cost 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Marginal social benefit (dollars per litre) 10 9 8 Draw the marginal cost curve. Label it. Draw the marginal social benefit curve. Label it. Draw the marginal social cost curve. Label it. 7 6 5 4 The government sets a quota on the total amount of water such that the spring is used efficiently. Draw a line to show this quota. Label it. C 14- 12- 10- 8- 6- 4. 2- Price and cost (dollars per litre) 0+ 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Quantity of water (litres per day) >>> Draw only the objects specified in the question.Use the graph attached What is the dead weight loss that results from this externality. a) QE - Q* b) Pc- PE c) Pc- Pp d) (Pc-Pp) * QE e) (Pc-Pp) * (QE-Q*) x ½
- Which of the following is an example of an externality? (x) cigarette smoke that permeates an entire restaurant (y) a flu shot that prevents a student from transmitting the virus to her roommate (z) a beautiful flower garden outside of the local post office Select one or more: a. (x), (y) and (z) b. (x) and (y) only c. (x) and (z) only d. (y) and (z) only e. (y) onlyWhen externalities cause markets to be inefficient (x) government action is sometimes needed to solve the problem. (y) private solutions can be developed to solve the problem. (z) there is a way to eliminate the problem of externalities in the market if producers are provided with the appropriate incentives to internalize the externality. Select one or more: a. (x), (y) and (z) b. (x) and (y) only c. (x) and (z) only d. (y) and (z) only e. (z) onlydraw a graph of a product without any externality