Two employees witness fraud committed in their firm. Each has two pure strategies: to become a whistleblower and report a crime, or not to report a crime. Each employee gets a payoff of 1 if the crime is reported by someone (it does not matter if both or only one employee reports). However, reporting the crime is costly. An employee who reports has to pay the cost of reporting equal to 0.5-0.25*d, where d=1 if the other employee also reports, and d=0 otherwise. Suppose that employees simultaneously decide to report or not. There is a unique mixed strategy Nash equilibrium in this game where each employee reports with the same positive probability less than 1. What is the probability that the crime is reported by at least one employee in such an equilibrium?

Two employees witness fraud committed in their firm. Each has two pure strategies: to become a whistleblower and report a crime, or not to report a crime. Each employee gets a payoff of 1 if the crime is reported by someone (it does not matter if both or only one employee reports). However, reporting the crime is costly. An employee who reports has to pay the cost of reporting equal to 0.5-0.25*d, where d=1 if the other employee also reports, and d=0 otherwise. Suppose that employees simultaneously decide to report or not. There is a unique mixed strategy Nash equilibrium in this game where each employee reports with the same positive probability less than 1. What is the probability that the crime is reported by at least one employee in such an equilibrium?

Managerial Economics: A Problem Solving Approach

5th Edition

ISBN:9781337106665

Author:Luke M. Froeb, Brian T. McCann, Michael R. Ward, Mike Shor

Publisher:Luke M. Froeb, Brian T. McCann, Michael R. Ward, Mike Shor

Chapter18: Auctions

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 18.1IP

See similar textbooks

Similar questions

23. Captain Kidd has a map that has a 20% probability of leading him to a treasure worth 400,000 guineas. Independent of the fact of having a map, Capitan Kidd already has his own income equal to 90,000 guineas. Another pirate wants to buy the map from the Capitan Kidd (after selling the map Capitan Kidd has no chance to find a treasure). What is the minimum price for a map which the Captain Kidd will accept if Capitan Kidd has von Neuman- Morgenstern utility function is U(w) = w0.5, where w is his income level? a) 54,400 b) 32,500 c) 45,000 d) 90,000 e) There is no correct answer
There are 2 players. They take Ston eS From the Pilt of 6 Stones. Player 1 can takt only 2 or 3 Stones. piayer 2 can taKeS only 2 or 4 StonesS. P layers take turns, observe dil Previous moves, and player 1 mover first. A pla yer loses if She can not make a legal move, While another player ir declared the Winner. Let the pay oF OF Winning egval to 1 and the payoFF OF losing equal to 0. a) represent the in ɛxtemsive Form (depict Only legalmoes) b) Find all SPNE OF this game& explain your a mwwer. Who Will Win ? game Only legalmar)
Someone at a party pulls out a $100 bill and announces that he is going to auction it off. There are n=10 people at the partywho are potential bidders. The owner of the $100 bill puts forth the following procedure: All bidders simultaneously submit a written bid. Only the highest bidders pay their bid (assuming that the highest bid is positive). If m people submit the highest bid, then each receives 1/m of the $100. Each person’s strategy set is {0,1,2,...,1000}{0,1,2,...,1000} so bidding can go as high as $1,000. The payoff of a player bidding bi is:0 if bi < max{b1,b2,…,bn},and 100/m − bi if bi = max {b1,b2,…,bn}where,m is the number of bidders whose bid equals max{b1,...,bn}. How many pure-strategy Nash equilibria does this game have? 1) 0 2) 1 3) 4 4) More than 4.
You and a coworker are assigned a team project on which your likelihood or a promotion will be decidedon. It is now the night before the project is due and neither has yet to start it. You both want toreceive a promotion next year, but you both also want to go to your company’s holiday party that night.Each of you wants to maximize his or her own happiness (likelihood of a promotion and mingling withyour colleagues “on the company’s dime”). If you both work, you deliver an outstanding presentation.If you both go to the party, your presentation is mediocre. If one parties and the other works, yourpresentation is above average. Partying increases happiness by 25 units. Working on the project addszero units to happiness. Happiness is also affected by your chance of a promotion, which is depends on howgood your project is. An outstanding presentation gives 40 units of happiness to each of you; an aboveaverage presentation gives 30 units of happiness; a mediocre presentation gives 10 units…
Many decision problems have the following simplestructure. A decision maker has two possible decisions, 1 and 2. If decision 1 is made, a sure cost of c isincurred. If decision 2 is made, there are two possibleoutcomes, with costs c1 and c2 and probabilities p and1 2 p. We assume that c1 , c , c2. The idea is thatdecision 1, the riskless decision, has a moderate cost,whereas decision 2, the risky decision, has a low costc1 or a high cost c2.a. Calculate the expected cost from the riskydecision.b. List as many scenarios as you can think of thathave this structure. (Here’s an example to get youstarted. Think of insurance, where you pay a surepremium to avoid a large possible loss.) For eachof these scenarios, indicate whether you wouldbase your decision on EMV or on expected utility
Consider a small town with two competing restaurants: Doug’s Diner and Betty’s Bistro. There is 1000profit to be made in the market. Each period, the restaurants simultaneously decide whether to offer high orlow quality food. In order to offer high quality food, each restaurant must hire an expert chef, which incursan additional cost of 100. The restaurants split the profit equally if they offer the same quality of food. Ifone restaurant offers high quality food while the other offers low quality food, the high quality restauranttakes four fifths of the profit and the low quality restaurant takes one fifth of the profit.(a) Draw up the normal form game matrix, showing the players, strategies, and payoffs.(b) Determine the Nash equilibrium of this game.(c) Explain how the restaurant owners could both be better off than in the Nash equilibrium if they wereable to cooperate. Is the town as a whole better off or worse off when the firms cooperate? Why or whynot?
Charles is participating in an experiment. His payoff in the experiment is tied to his effort e doing a mundane task. There is also some risk involved by design-there is a chance p that Charles is going to get a fixed payment L regardless of his effort. Charles' payoff is thus: with probability p w.e with probability 1- p Charles has to pay a cost C, which increases with his effort. First, let us assume that Charles' utility is the expected payoff net of this cost: U(e) = pL + (1 – p)we – c(e) Derive the first order condition with respect to e. b. How doesp affect Charles' effort e? c. How does L affect e?
you and a friend decide to run a three mile race. If you agree to run together, you keep up with himfor the first mile, but you overexert yourself and run the last two miles at slower paces on your own. Tomake up for lost time, your friend runs the last two miles at a faster pace. Your mile times are 6:30, 7:00,and 7:30. Your friend’s times are 6:30, 6:00, and 6:00. If you both agree to run on your own, you run aconstant pace of 7:05 while your friend runs at a constant pace of 6:05. If you want to run together butyour friend wants to run solo, he runs his constant pace of 6:05. You, on the other hand, want to showhim that you can run faster, but you end up overexerting yourself after the first mile. You run times of6:20, 7:05, and 7:30. If he wants to run together but you do not, you both run at your pace of 7:05. Thissituation can be turned into an economic game, with the payoffs the overall race times. You each wantto run the fastest time you possibly can.(a) Who are the players in…
A risk-neutral plaintiff in a lawsuit must decide whether to settle a claim or go to trial. The defendants offer $50,000 to settle now. If the plaintiff does not settle, the plaintiff believes that the probability of winning at trial is 50% if the plaintiff wins, the amount awarded to the plaintiff is X Will the plaintif settle if x is $62,500? What if X-$250,000? What is the critical value of X that would make the plaintiff indifferent between setting and going to trial? it the plaintiff were risk averse instead of risk neutral, would this critical value of X be higher or lower? If the amount to be awarded at trial with a win (X) were $62,500, then the plaintiff would settle If the amount to be awarded at trial with a win (X) were $250,000, then the plaintiff would not settle The critical value of X that would make the plaintiff indifferent between settling and going to trial is $ (Enter your response using rounded to wo decimal places)
Boris and Priti have to work together on a project as agents. Ursula, the principal, will get a payoff of 12 if they complete it successfully but she can only observe the outcome not how much effort Boris and Priti are putting in. Boris and Priti can choose either to work or shirk where working costs 4 and shirking nothing. The project will be successful only if both Boris and Priti work, otherwise it fails. The payoff that Ursula offers for successful project completion is R, which is split equally between Boris and Priti. (a) Why does it matter that Ursula cannot observe the effort put in by Boris and Priti? What outcome do you expect to be reached if Ursuala cannot observe what Boris and Priti do? (b) Write down the payoff matrix to represent how Boris and Priti decide whether to work or shirk and derive the pure strategy Nash equilibria. (c) Compare the outcome when R = 2, 4 or 9. Does this mean that higher rewards do not always elicit more effort? (d) Do you think that it would…
1. A dealer decides to sell a rare book by means of an English auction with a reservation price of 54. There are two bidders. The dealer believes that there are only three possible values, 90, 54, and 45, that each bidder’s willingness to pay might take. Each bidder has a probability of 1/3 of having each of these willingnesses to pay, and the probabilities for each of the two bidders are independent of the other’s valuation. Assuming that the two bidders bid rationally and do not collude, the dealer’s expected revenue is approximately ______. 2. A seller knows that there are two bidders for the object he is selling. He believes that with probability 1/2, one has a buyer value of 5 and the other has a buyer value of 10 and with probability 1/2, one has a buyer value of 8 and the other has a buyer value of 15. He knows that bidders will want to buy the object so long as they can get it for their buyer value or less. He sells it in an English auction with a reserve price which he must…
Find the EVPI for the below Payoff table: 162 126 320 194 State of nature 1 2 3 Probabilit y 0.3 0.4 0.3 Acts B 20 0 -20 -50 200 -100 -50 30 400 600 0