Three solid cylindrical rods are welded together to form the compound axial member shown in Figure P5.4. The compound axial member is attached to a fixed support at A. Each rod has an elastic modulus of E = 40 GPa. Use the following values for the rod lengths and areas: L1 = 1,440 mm, L2 = 1,680 mm, L3 = 1,200 mm, A= 260 mm², A2 = 130 mm², and A3 = 65 mm². What magnitude of external load P is needed to displace end D a distance of uD= 60 mm to the right

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Methods to Determine Vertical Stress

The load applied to the soil is transferred to the underground. The presence of water at soil pores and solid grains above the soil are the primary components that are responsible for the effective load transfer. Due to the load acting, the internal component of the soil or the underground formations undergoes deformations or a tectonic shift. The amount of deformation depends upon the amount of load acting on the soil surface, which indeed, depends on the weight of everything present above the soil. Due to this, the underground soil element develops internal stresses which try to resist the tectonic changes.