The protonation states of the amine and carboxylic acid functional groups can var at different pH. In addition, the side chain can have different ionic states. Choose the protonation state of lysine at physiological pH. H₂N H NH₂ OH H₂N. H H₂N NH₂ IV 0=0 NH₂ || OH H₂N NH₂ V NH₂ |||

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Mass Spectrometry

This process is an instrumental method in which a sample is changed to fast moving positive ions by electron bombardment. The charged particles vary due to their different mass to charge ratio and are estimated with the help of this difference. It is also called mass spectroscopy.