The peptidoglycan layer of Gram-positive bacteria is exposed to the extracellular environment. True False
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The peptidoglycan layer of Gram-positive bacteria is exposed to the extracellular environment.
True
False
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- "Which of the following is an example of gram negative bacteria that is sometimes, albeit rarely, involved in GI infection?" Mycobacterium smegmatis Klebsiella pneumoniae Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus pyogensThis bacteria is commonly found in soil and water, and can cause otitis externa (aka swimmers ear). Pseudomonas aeruginosa Streptococcus pyogenes Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus epidermidisMicro -endotoxin refers to which type of molecule found in (unique to) gram negative bacteria ..... ( it is not lipopolysaccharide)
- Propionibacterium acnes is a normal member of the skin microbiome that benefits the body by lowering the skin's pH- an antimicrobial effect. However, P. acnes is also the leading cause of acne. Explain mechanistically how a bacterium can be part of the normal microbiome and beneficial but also be pathogenic.Mycobacterium tuberculosis microbes are not easily killed by sunlight or drying. This is because this microbe forms spores as a protective mechanism. True FalseDirect contact with pathogenic microorganisms is the most common cause of hospital-acquired infection. How might a dermal (skin) Staphylococcus infection of a staff member result in a urinary traction infection of a patient? Describe possible pathways of contamination during a normal workday.
- Propionibacterium acnes is a normal member of the skin microbiome that benefits the body by lowering the skin's pH- an antimicrobial effect. However, P. acnes is also the leading cause of acne. Explain mechanistically how can a bacterium be normal and beneficial but also be pathogenic?Name two methods of control of growth for Mycobacterium tuberculosis pathogen in a patient with the disease and when confronted with the pathogen outside of the host. Be careful to specify if it is a physical method or a chemical method (check lecture to differentiate these two). Control of growth means how would you deal with an infection related to a person as well as how would you minimize the presence of the bacteria on a surface or object.Which bacteria type is well-known for its beta hemolysis? Enterococcus faecalis Staphylococcus epidermidis Streptococcus pyogenes Salmonella typhimurium
- Hand draw (with a pen/pencil) a picture of salmonella typhi organism. Label and describe the following cell structures and include a brief summary of their functions: nuclei/organelles flagella/cilia segments outer covering (cuticle, tegument) attachment structures (suckers, hooks, etc.) cysts/oocysts (if your pathogen makes them)Intense fever, shock, and other symptoms occur in some gram-positive bacterial infections due to: superantigens Genotoxins membrane-disrupting toxinsOnce these pathogens enter the host the difference in environmental conditions signals for them to germinate and turn into growing cells. Compare Inhalation anthrax (Bacillus anthracis) to Tetanus (Clostridium tetani). Besides endospores used in transmission, what is a simple explanation to help explain how each microbe survives and grows in each location?
