The parameter γ = 1/(1-v2/c2)1/2 can be used to determine how large relativistic effects can be expected to be. When the speed is small compared to the speed of light, γ does not get much larger than 1. As v gets close to the speed of light, γ gets very large. Randomized Variablesp = 0.045  At what speed, as a ratio to the speed of light, is γ = 1 + 0.045? This corresponds to a 0.045 × 100 percent relativistic effect.

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Proper Length

The theory of special relativity explains the connection between space and time to objects that move in a straight line at a constant speed. The objects move at the speed of light. When an object approaches light speed, its mass is endless and cannot move faster than light. The most crucial postulate of Einstein's special relativity is that the laws of nature do not change in each frame of reference.